Influence of probe pressure when using MM‐wave open‐ended probe for diagnosis of the human skin

Smulders, Pfm Peter; Janssen, Nick

doi:10.1002/mop.27074

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…There are several studies on the contact pressure-induced spectral changes in the visible and near-infrared DRS, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] as well as similar studies involving other spectroscopic and imaging techniques. [26][27][28][29] Initial studies were focused on ex vivo measurements and utilized a so-called spring-loaded compression apparatus [ Fig. 1(a)] for applying a constant contact pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(b)], which measured additional force on the sample. 24,30 Several studies focused on in vivo measurements of human and animal skin at different sites, 18,21,23,25,29 including abdomen, 28 breast, 16,19,22 and mouse muscle. 20 Some simple measurement setups [ Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the variability of the applied contact pressure at a predefined level was large, especially if the measurements lasted for several seconds. 23 A similar measurement setup 20,28,29 utilizing a set of calibrated weights [ Fig. 2(b)] was used to reduce the variability of the applied contact pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of contact pressure–induced spectral changes on soft-tissue classification in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: problems and solutions

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Review of the existing studies on the contact pressure-induced changes in the optical properties of biological tissues showed that the reported changes in transmittance, reflectance, absorption, and scattering coefficient are vastly inconsistent. In order to gain more insight into the contact pressure-induced changes observed in biomedical applications involving common probe-spectrometer diffuse reflectance measurement setups and provide a set of practical guidelines minimizing the influence of the changes on the analysis of acquired spectra, we conducted a series of in vivo measurements, where the contact pressure was precisely controlled, and the spectral and contact pressure information were acquired simultaneously. Classification of three measurement sites on a human hand, representing the natural variability in the perfusion and structure of the underlying tissue, was assessed by training and evaluating classifiers at different contact pressure levels and for different probe operators. Based on the results, three practical guidelines have been proposed to avoid classification performance degradation. First, the most suitable pressure level should be identified. Second, the pressure level should be kept in a narrow range during the acquisition of spectra. Third, applications utilizing probes equipped with a calibrated spring can use several classifiers trained at different contact pressure levels to improve classification performance.

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