Influence of Primary Cosmic Radiation Mass Composition on the Estimation of Eas Energy

Abstract

Energy portion Eem/E 0 transferred to EAS electron-photon component at E 0 = 10 15 ± 10 19 eV was estimated by using ofČerenkov radiation data and charged particles data obtained at the Yakutsk array. The results are compared with the models for different energy dissipation into EAS electronphoton component and with calculations for different primary nuclei. In the energy intervals 10 15 ± 10 16 eV and 10 18 ± 10 19 eV Eem/E 0 is equal to (77 ± 2) and (88 ± 2)% respectively, that doesn't contradict with mixed composition of primary particles for the first energy interval and the proton composition for the second one.

Longitudinal development of EAS in the energy range $10^{15} - 10^{20}$ eV by observation in the period of 1994-2014 at the Yakutsk

“…Longitudinal development of the shower at the Yakutsk plant is reconstructed by recording the Cherenkov light of the EAS [13,14], using the mathematical apparatus used in solving inverse problems [15,16].…”

“…The algorithm is described in detail in [13,14]. This algorithm is based on the Fredholm equation of the first kind (3.1), whose solution was carried out using the adaptive method [17].…”

Search for high-energy photons and neutrinos, producing air showers with energy above $10^{18}$ eV by the Yakutsk array data

“…Experimental data 3.1 Longitudinal development of air showers: depth of maximum development X max Longitudinal development of the shower at the Yakutsk array is reconstructed by the data of registration of the Cherenkov light [15,16], using the mathematical apparatus used in solving inverse problems [17,18]. Fig.…”

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation

“…It allowed us to determine shower energies [5] using a quasi calorimetric method, to reconstruct air shower cascade development [6], to plot the spectrum and estimate the mass composition of CR [7]. Figure 1 shows the Small Cherenkov array.…”