Influence of Pressing Intensity on the Microstructure of PBX 9501

Peterson, Paul D.; Fletcher, Michael A.; Roemer, Edward L.

doi:10.1080/713770436

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1), and yield I p for the different contrasts. This result is consistent with previous SANS studies of neat HMX and recent optical microscopy studies of similarly prepared samples 2,4 . 4 as a function of the fraction, f, of deuterated toluene used to swell the binder.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

SANS and Contrast Variation Measurement of the Different Contributions to the Total Surface Area in PBX 9501 as a Function of Pressing Intensity

Mang

2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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We have used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in conjunction with the method of contrast variation to measure the surface area (S HB , S HV , and S BV ) associated with the three interfaces (HMX-binder (HB), HMX-voids (HV) and binder-voids (BV)) in pressed pellets of PBX 9501 (95% HMX and 5% binder, by weight). These interfaces are of interest as they may influence the transmission of microstresses and hot spot formation under shock conditions. Because of the difficulty in making measurements, little is known about the microstructure of pressed PBX 9501 parts and thus how it is affected by processing. Here, we explore the effect of varying the pressing intensity on the PBX 9501 microstructure and in particular, how the three interfaces (HB, HV and BV) are affected. Disk-shaped samples of PBX 9501 were die-pressed with applied pressures ranging between 5,000 and 29,000 psi. SANS measurements were performed on 4-5 pellets at each pressure. Analysis of the SANS data indicates systematic changes in S HB , S HV , and S BV with applied pressure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

SANS and Contrast Variation Measurement of the Different Contributions to the Total Surface Area in PBX 9501 as a Function of Pressing Intensity

Mang

2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…At a magnification of 50X crystals larger than 10 mm 2 can be identified. Similar routines have been applied previously to PBX 9501 [15].…”

Section: Materials Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Differences between Virgin and Recycled Lots of PBX 9502

Peterson

Idar

2005

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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PBX 9502 is an insensitive high explosive formulated comprised of 95 wt% TATB and 5 wt% Kel-F 800 TM binder. Due to the relatively high cost of manufacturing TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene), methods for reclaiming TATB from PBX 9502 machine cuttings were previously developed. Reclaimed PBX 9502 was mixed with~50% virgin PBX 9502 to produce "recycled" lots of PBX 9502. Several studies have shown significant differences between the mechanical properties of virgin and recycled lots of PBX 9502, and postulated that the differences were related to various aspects of TATB particle size and distribution. The purpose of this study is to show that these differences in mechanical properties are related to differences in the distribution of TATB within the microstructure of PBX 9502. Ultimately, a better understanding of these properties may lead to selected formulation changes for future rebuilds, Lifetime Extension Programs (LEP) and/or candidate replacements to enhance engineering and physics performance.

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“…Electronm icroscope, matchingr efractive microscope, and polarizing microscope, etc. have beenu sed to achieve this objective [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].T hese methods cannot be used to observe the evolution of the internal structure,a nd some of them may cause secondary damage. With the development of controlt echnology and computer technology,X -ray computed tomography has been used to study and monitor the microstructure of explosives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and DEM Simulation of Micro–Macro Behavior of TATB Granules During Compaction Using X‐ray Tomography

Dai

Zhang

Lan

et al. 2015

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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[a] 1Introduction TATB is ac ommonly used insensitive explosive with high energy.T he main characteristics of TATB are its relatively low mechanical sensitivity and thermals ensitivity,a nd it is also safe and stable. In its actuala pplication, ap olymer binder in ac ertain proportion is often added to TATB, and then it can be compressed to ap olymer-bonded explosive (PBX) under high temperature and high pressure conditions. WhenP BX is compressed, the TATB granules undergo friction, extrusion, and propagation of pressure, thus affecting the microstructure and internal stress distribution of the compression molding [1,2].T he granule microstructure comprises the size, shape, and surface feature of the granules, connectionb etween the granules, the permutation and combinationo ft he granules,q uantitative relationship, and the distance between the granules, pore size, and distribution characteristics.T hesem icrostructuresa re important factors to confirm the physical, mechanics, and other characteristics of the explosivea nd will directly affect the density distribution and stress concentration of PBX,t hus affecting the safety performance and usability of the explosive. To investigatet he relationship betweent he changes in the microstructure causedb yc ompression and macroperformance, the various characteristics of microstructure should be accuratelye valuated. Electronm icroscope, matchingr efractive microscope, and polarizing microscope, etc. have beenu sed to achieve this objective [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].T hese methods cannot be used to observe the evolution of the internal structure,a nd some of them may cause secondary damage. With the development of controlt echnology and computer technology,X -ray computed tomography has been used to study and monitor the microstructure of explosives. Zhang et al.[15] studiedt he feature of RDX crystals under different pressures by mCT and discussed the issues including the displacement and breakage of the crystals, as well as the compressed density and distribution, gap filling, and microcrack distribution. They also obtained the completet hree-dimensional (3D) information of the microstructure of explosivew ith TATB radicals by moldp ressing at one-wayt emperature by CT [16].L an et al. [17], studied the microcosmic distributiono ft he internal crack of explosive and the healing statusbefore and after the disposal by the warm-pressing agingt reatment by CT.T ian et al. [18] observed the solidificationo fe xplosivea nd analyzed the distribution of internal thermal stress duringt he solidification. The above studies mainly evaluated the characteristics of explosiveb efore and after molding.C ombined the advantageso fC Tt echnology and the results of the studies on 3D systems, dynamico nline testing is also needed to study the characteristics of granules during the compression,i ncluding the morphological characteristicso f Abstract:I nt his study, an oninvasive experimental method and ad iscrete element method (DEM) model were used to investigate t...

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Influence of Pressing Intensity on the Microstructure of PBX 9501

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

SANS and Contrast Variation Measurement of the Different Contributions to the Total Surface Area in PBX 9501 as a Function of Pressing Intensity

SANS and Contrast Variation Measurement of the Different Contributions to the Total Surface Area in PBX 9501 as a Function of Pressing Intensity

Microstructural Differences between Virgin and Recycled Lots of PBX 9502

Experimental Study and DEM Simulation of Micro–Macro Behavior of TATB Granules During Compaction Using X‐ray Tomography

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