Influence of Powder Bed Preheating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of H13 Tool Steel SLM Parts

Mertens, Raya; Vrancken, Bey; Holmstock, Nico; Kinds, Yannis; Kruth, Jean‐Pierre; Humbeeck, Jan Van

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.092

Cited by 236 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An additive manufacturing (AM) technique, which builds parts from 3D digital models typically by a layer additive process, has been an effective method to solve these problems [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Accordingly, AM of hot-work steels, including H13, has attracted increasing attention due to the potential of AM to transform the die-making industry, i.e., greatly shortened time for mold making, positive mechanical properties, and an advantage to realize conformal cooling [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Selective laser melting (SLM), which is a powder-bed-fusion-based AM process, has been widely used due to its ability to produce intricate molds with not only near-full density but also a refined microstructure [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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This paper demonstrates the successful printing of H13 tool steel by a selective laser melting (SLM) method at a scan laser speed of 200 mm/s for the best microstructure and mechanical behavior. Specifically, the nanoindentation strain-rate sensitivity values were 0.022, 0.019, 0.027, 0.028, and 0.035 for SLM H13 at laser scan speeds of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mm/s, respectively. This showed that the hardness increases as the strain rate increases and, practically, the hardness values of the SLM H13 at the 200 mm/s laser scan speed are the highest and least sensitive to the strain rate as compared to H13 samples at other scan speeds. The SLM processing of this material at 200 mm/s laser scan speed therefore shows the highest potential for advanced tool design. Residual stress is expected to affect the hardness and shall be investigated in future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Some studies that examined microstructure evolution were those by Liu et al [72], Toda-Caraballo et al [73], Thijs et al [38], Chen et al [74], Mertins et al [56,75] and Vastola et al [76]. Liu et al and Thijs et al examined the residual stress evolution at the microstructure scale using Vickers hardness tests and concluded that the residual stresses within the microstructure were greatest in the overlapping regions between scan tracks, but were heavily dependent on scan speed and heat profile.…”

Section: Materials and Microstructure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ladewig et al [96] examined the use of the inert gas to deal with metal splatter and to flush out process by-products and trash. Buchbinder et al [97] and Mertens et al [75] examined the ways to effectively pre-heat the powder and build plate to reduce the likelihood of stresses.…”

Section: Process Environment Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need

2017

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Abstract:A useful and increasingly common additive manufacturing (AM) process is the selective laser melting (SLM) or direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process. SLM/DMLS can produce full-density metal parts from difficult materials, but it tends to suffer from severe residual stresses introduced during processing. This limits the usefulness and applicability of the process, particularly in the fabrication of parts with delicate overhanging and protruding features. The purpose of this study was to examine the current insight and progress made toward understanding and eliminating the problem in overhanging and protruding structures. To accomplish this, a survey of the literature was undertaken, focusing on process modeling (general, heat transfer, stress and distortion and material models), direct process control (input and environmental control, hardware-in-the-loop monitoring, parameter optimization and post-processing), experiment development (methods for evaluation, optical and mechanical process monitoring, imaging and design-of-experiments), support structure optimization and overhang feature design; approximately 143 published works were examined. The major findings of this study were that a small minority of the literature on SLM/DMLS deals explicitly with the overhanging stress problem, but some fundamental work has been done on the problem. Implications, needs and potential future research directions are discussed in-depth in light of the present review.

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“…Some studies that examined microstructure evolution were those by Liu et al [72], Toda-Caraballo et al [73], Thijs et al [38], Chen et al [74], and Mertins et al [56,75]. Liu et al and Thijs et al examined the residual stress evolution at the microstructure scale using Vickers hardness tests and concluded that the residual stresses within the microstructure were greatest in the overlapping regions between scan tracks, but was heavily dependent on scan speed and heat profile.…”

Section: Materials and Microstructure Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ladewig et al [95] examined the use of the inert gas to deal with metal splatter and to flush out process by-products and trash. Buchbinder et al [96] and Mertens et al [75] examined the ways to effectively pre-heat the powder and build plate to reduce the likelihood of stresses.…”

Section: Process Environment Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need

Patterson¹,

Messimer²,

Farrington³

2017

Preprint

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A useful and increasingly common additive manufacturing (AM) process is the selective laser melting (SLM) or direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process. SLM/DMLS can produce fulldensity metal parts from difficult materials, but it tends to suffer from severe residual stresses introduced during processing. This limits the usefulness and applicability of the process, particularly in the fabrication of parts with delicate overhanging and protruding features. The purpose of this study was to examine the current insight and progress made toward understanding and eliminating the problem in overhanging and protruding structures. To accomplish this, a survey of literature was undertaken, focusing on process modeling (general, heat transfer, stress and distortion, and material models), direct process control (input and environmental control, hardware-in-the-loop monitoring, parameter optimization, and post-processing), experiment development (methods for evaluation, optical and mechanical process monitoring, imaging, and design-of-experiments), support structure optimization, and overhang feature design; approximately 140 published works were examined. The major findings of this study were that a small minority of the literature on SLM/DMLS deals explicitly with the overhanging stress problem, but some fundamental work has been done on the problem. Implications, needs, and potential future research directions are discussed in-depth in light of the present review.

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Influence of Powder Bed Preheating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of H13 Tool Steel SLM Parts

Cited by 236 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need

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