Influence of posture on blink reflex prepulse inhibition induced by somatosensory inputs from upper and lower limbs

Versace, Viviana; Campostrini, Stefania; Sebastianelli, Luca; Saltuari, Leopold; Valls‐Solé, Josep; Kofler, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.194

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, Sonkodi et al suggested that somatosensory afferents from the proximal tibia could contribute to the proprioceptive primary afferents of the muscle spindles and could alter the stretch reflex if it is compressively microinjured (Sonkodi et al 2021b ). Accordingly, Sonkodi and Hortobágyi proposed that corneal Piezo2-containing somatosensory terminals could contribute to the blink reflex (Sonkodi and Hortobágyi 2022 ), in line with the findings of Fernández-Trillo et al (Fernandez-Trillo et al 2020 ), and could also provide overall postural control in a preprogrammed way, as demonstrated by Versace et al (Versace et al 2019 ). Again, it is worth noting that the blink reflex is suggested to be evoked by the stretch of extraocular muscles (Bratzlavsky 1972 ).…”

Section: Piezo2 Ion Channel and Its Primary Microinjurymentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Interestingly from this perspective, Piezo2 knockout mice have diminished blink reflex capability compared with wild-type mice (Fernandez-Trillo et al 2020 ). Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that pre-pulse inhibition invoked by lower limb afferent input could contribute to postural control, where pre-pulse inhibition was measured as the percentage inhibition of the blink reflex response to electrical supraorbital nerve stimulation (Versace et al 2019 ). Sonkodi et al postulated that the overall proprioceptive system is neuro-energetically resource-limited and implicated the channelopathy of Piezo2 as a primary injury phase of an acute non-contact compression axonopathy in certain conditions, such as delayed-onset muscle soreness and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (NC-ACL) injury (Sonkodi et al 2021a , 2020 ; Sonkodi 2021 ).…”

Section: Piezo2 Ion Channel and Its Primary Microinjurymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is the Sex Difference a Clue to the Pathomechanism of Dry Eye Disease? Watch out for the NGF-TrkA-Piezo2 Signaling Axis and the Piezo2 Channelopathy

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder with recognized pathology, but not entirely known pathomechanism. It is suggested to represent a continuum with neuropathic corneal pain with the paradox that DED is a pain-free disease in most cases, although it is regarded as a pain condition. The current paper puts into perspective that one gateway from physiology to pathophysiology could be a Piezo2 channelopathy, opening the pathway to a potentially quad-phasic non-contact injury mechanism on a multifactorial basis and with a heterogeneous clinical picture. The primary non-contact injury phase could be the pain-free microinjury of the Piezo2 ion channel at the corneal somatosensory nerve terminal. The secondary non-contact injury phase involves harsher corneal tissue damage with C-fiber contribution due to the lost or inadequate intimate cross-talk between somatosensory Piezo2 and peripheral Piezo1. The third injury phase of this non-contact injury is the neuronal sensitization process with underlying repeated re-injury of the Piezo2, leading to the proposed chronic channelopathy. Notably, sensitization may evolve in certain cases in the absence of the second injury phase. Finally, the quadric injury phase is the lingering low-grade neuroinflammation associated with aging, called inflammaging. This quadric phase could clinically initiate or augment DED, explaining why increasing age is a risk factor. We highlight the potential role of the NGF-TrkA axis as a signaling mechanism that could further promote the microinjury of the corneal Piezo2 in a stress-derived hyperexcited state. The NGF-TrkA-Piezo2 axis might explain why female sex represents a risk factor for DED.

show abstract

Section: Piezo2 Ion Channel and Its Primary Microinjurymentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Piezo2 Ion Channel and Its Primary Microinjurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Sex Difference a Clue to the Pathomechanism of Dry Eye Disease? Watch out for the NGF-TrkA-Piezo2 Signaling Axis and the Piezo2 Channelopathy

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, prepulses are also capable of reducing the level of discomfort associated with noxious stimuli (Blumenthal, Burnett, & Swerdlow, 2001;Kofler & Halder, 2014;Kumru, Opisso, Valls-Solé, & Kofler, 2009;Versace et al, 2019), concurring with a possible "prepulse-like" effect when self-triggering the stimuli, thereby suppressing brainstem reflexes likely in a top-down manner.…”

Section: Suppression Of R2 By Self-stimulation Irrespective Of Promentioning

confidence: 77%

Threat vs control: Potentiation of the trigeminal blink reflex by threat proximity is overruled by self‐stimulation

Versace¹,

Campostrini²,

Sebastianelli³

et al. 2020

Psychophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The magnitude of the defensive blink reflex is modulated by continuous assessment of its protective value. Here, we studied whether the trigeminal blink reflex (TBR) is modulated by a potentially offensive object close to the face, and, if so, whether self‐stimulation or observation of the act of stimulus triggering counteracts such modulation. In all, 26 healthy volunteers participated in various experimental conditions. At baseline, an experimenter triggered supraorbital nerve stimuli remotely, unseen by the participants; in experimental conditions, the experimenter held a stimulation probe close to the participant’s face but triggered the stimuli either remotely, “surprising” participants (S1), or directly on the probe, observed by participants (S2). In other conditions, participants triggered stimuli themselves on the probe held next to their body (S3) or held in front of their face (S4). The latter condition was repeated similarly, but pressing the button only randomly generated electrical stimuli (S5, “Russian roulette”). The size of the R2 component of the TBR (TBR‐R2) was the main outcome measure. Compared to baseline, TBR‐R2 area was significantly larger in S1 when the “threatening” probe was close to the face and the participant had no control over stimulation. Conversely, TBR‐R2 was suppressed when participants either saw the action of triggering, thus being aware (S2), or had full initiative over stimulation (S3, S4). Random self‐generated stimuli (S5) inhibited TBR‐R2, but to a lesser extent than S3 and S4. Perceived threat close to the face facilitates TBR‐R2, but knowledge about impending stimulation or self‐agency overrules this effect.

show abstract

“…In neurorehabilitation, one of the main goals is verticalization of patients to render them most awake and alert. Notably, posture and origin of sensory input exert modulatory influence on PPI (Versace et al., 2019). Thus, ITB may theoretically act twofold: it may reduce spasticity in selected patients to a degree that allows for their verticalization, which had possibly been prevented by severe spasticity, prolonged bedrest, and subsequent “cardiocirculatory instability”; verticalization per se presumably contributes to arousal and thus better awareness, which may foster further rehabilitation progress; in addition, ITB may increase PPI, which was found for stimuli from the lower extremities more pronounced in the upright compared to supine posture (Versace et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the recovery of disorders of consciousness under intrathecal baclofen administration for severe spasticity—An observational study

Halbmayer¹,

Kofler²,

Hitzenberger³

et al. 2022

Brain and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Occasionally, patients show dramatic recovery from disorders of consciousness (DOC) under intrathecal baclofen (ITB), an established treatment option for severe supraspinal spasticity. Anecdotal explanations for ITB‐related recovery of cognition include modulation of afferent impulses at the spinal level, thereby reducing spasticity‐related proprioceptive information overload within cortico–thalamo–cortical connections. Objective In this retrospective patient chart analysis, we assessed whether a reduction in spasticity would be associated with an increase in Coma Recovery Scale revised (CRS‐R) scores in a larger sample of patients than previously published. Methods From a hospital‐based ITB treatment register, we extracted data from 26 patients with DOC and severe supraspinal spasticity who improved by >2 points on the Coma Recovery Scale revised (CRS‐R) within 6 months after ITB treatment initiation. We assessed Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) scores and CRS‐R scores on admission (PRE) and 3 and 6 months after initiation of ITB treatment (3M, 6M). We performed correlation analysis of the scores and their respective changes (PRE to 3M, 3M to 6M). We also correlated the time from acute event until ITB initiation to CRS‐R scores at 3M and 6M. Results ITB led to significant improvement in spasticity based on MAS scores, which did not correlate to the improvements seen in CRS‐R total and subscale scores. Daily ITB dose did neither correlate to MAS scores nor to CRS‐total scores in the whole patient group, but after 3 months, ITB dose correlated to some CRS‐R subscale scores in some patient subgroups. Time until ITB treatment did not correlate to CRS‐R scores later on. Conclusions Our data confirm that ITB may exert beneficial effects in selected DOC patients with respect to improved cognitive functions, which, however, do not correlate to its antispastic effect. The lack of correlation between time to ITB and CRS‐R outcome, but significant CRS‐R improvements following pump implantation, renders spontaneous remissions unlikely and leaves room for alternative pharmacological mechanisms.

show abstract

Influence of posture on blink reflex prepulse inhibition induced by somatosensory inputs from upper and lower limbs

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Is the Sex Difference a Clue to the Pathomechanism of Dry Eye Disease? Watch out for the NGF-TrkA-Piezo2 Signaling Axis and the Piezo2 Channelopathy

Is the Sex Difference a Clue to the Pathomechanism of Dry Eye Disease? Watch out for the NGF-TrkA-Piezo2 Signaling Axis and the Piezo2 Channelopathy

Threat vs control: Potentiation of the trigeminal blink reflex by threat proximity is overruled by self‐stimulation

On the recovery of disorders of consciousness under intrathecal baclofen administration for severe spasticity—An observational study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About