Influence of players' physique on rugby football injuries.

Lee, A J; Myers, Jay L; Garraway, W. M.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.31.2.135

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This practice of grouping players is understandably necessary to achieve sufficient statistical power for comparison tests. When position-specific information is found in the literature, it is of limited anthropometric scope: only proportionality scores (Wilders & de Ridder, 2001), height, weight, and chest-to-waist ratio (Lee et al, 1997), weight only (Maso & Robert, 1999) from less developed competition leagues (Babic, Misigoj-Durakovic, Matasic, & Jancic, 2001a;Carlson et al, 1994) or from tournament rosters, which cast doubts on the authenticity of the data. Moreover, when body composition was reported, it was either measured with expensive high-technology such as DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptometry) (Bell, Cobner, & Evans, 2000), which is excellent for research purposes but unavailable and impractical for most sports science practitioners, or limited to informing percent body fat (Scott et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This athlete profiling can be used by health and sports science practitioners in rugby for the design of exercise and nutrition interventions to improve health and performance (Ackland, Elliott, & Bloomfield, 2009), for talent detection purposes (Pienaar, Spamer, & Steyn, 1998;Spamer & De la Port, 2006), in the analysis and modelling of physical aptitude characteristics specific to the sport (Carlson et al, 1994;Quarrie & Wilson, 2000), work rate (Rienzi, Reilly, & Malkin, 1999), evolutionary trends (Olds, 2001), comparisons between countries (Doutreloux, Artigot, & Thon, 2000), and injuries (Babic, Misigoj-Durakovic, Matasic, & Jancic, 2001b;Lee, Myers, & Garraway, 1997;Quarrie, Handcock, Toomey, & Waller, 1996). Because of the game's physical requirements and its relatively recent professionalisation in 1995, the size of rugby players has increased substantially (Olds, 2001), most likely due to a combination of factors such as higher selection pressures and improved talent identification, nutritional, training, and perhaps pharmacological strategies (use of anabolic steroids and/or growth hormone).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Kinanthropometry of Group I rugby players in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Holway¹,

Garavaglia²

2009

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The large variability in size and structure between playing positions in rugby merits specific kinanthropometric profiling. We aim to report detailed descriptive anthropometric data of a sample of 133 rugby players stratified by field positions (age 24.3 +/- 3.6 years, body mass 89.5 +/- 13.2 kg, and stature 178.8 +/- 7.3 cm) belonging to seven Group I teams competing in the Buenos Aires Rugby Union, and to find out if front row forwards (FR) have larger muscle and skeletal parameters. Body composition was analysed with the five-way fractionation method, expressing tissue masses in absolute terms, relative to weight as percentages and to stature as phantom z-scores. Furthermore, somatotype, body mass index, sum of six skinfolds, and muscle-to-bone ratio were calculated. Players were subsequently grouped into three positional clusters and muscular-skeletal elements compared, showing FR to have larger proportional muscle and skeletal structure than remaining forwards and backs (P < 0.001), albeit a similar muscle-to-bone ratio (P = 0.060). When compared to a sample of the top six teams at the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the Buenos Aires players were considerably smaller, measuring, on average, 3-11 cm less in height and 6-13 kg less in weight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Kinanthropometry of Group I rugby players in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Holway¹,

Garavaglia²

2009

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Lee et al [12] reported the possibility of prevention by means of evaluating the physical conditions of the rugby player, also considering those risk factors that are intrinsic for the discipline. Among the latter, we can include defects in axiality, distribution of body weight at ground and generally, posture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of foot support in rugby players: a baropodometric analysis

et al. 2006

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Intense sports practice has effects on normal locomotion which may predispose athletes to certain injuries. The aim of the study was to evaluate weather playing rugby can change the distribution of forces on the surface of the foot plantar region and if these possible changes are caused by the high loading and the postural stances that this sport involves. The evaluation was performed using a baropodometer in static and dynamic conditions. We studied a group of 23 professional rugby players (scrums and threequarters) who regularly trained 4-times per week. A control group consisted of 17 non-athletic healthy subjects. Baropodometric analysis revealed significantly higher rearfoot surface area and pressure for both feet in static conditions in rugby players compared to controls. In dynamic conditions, rugby players exerted a significantly higher ground pressure with respect to controls. Within the group of rugby players, scrums had significantly higher pressure than three-quarters, as well as a pressure increase in the lateral foot area. We conclude that rugby players tend to adopt an unbalanced posture posteriorly. The higher ground pressure together with the prevalent load on the lateral foot area may be associated with a difficult control of foot stability, possibly due to the higher body weight and to the increased tone and trophism of the triceps surae subsequent to the various athletic gestures that the game demands. In agreement with the literature, the variations of foot support observed in rugby players may be associated with adaptations induced by this sport, thus favoring an increased risk of bone, joint and muscle traumas and pathologies.

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“…Preventing rugb y injuries m ay involve changing the laws of the gam e (Burry and Calcinai, 1988), using protective equipm ent (M orton and Burton, 1979), or assessing the im portance of players' physique (Lee et al, 1997) or level of ® tness (U pton et al, 1996). The weather and the conditions of the playing surface on w hich m atches are played m ight also in¯uence the frequency, nature and outcom e of injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental factors on rugby football injuries

Lee¹,

Garraway²

2000

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The aim of this study was to establish the influence of weather and pitch conditions on the frequency and nature of rugby injuries. Observers at 26 senior rugby clubs in the Borders District of the Scottish Rugby Union reported all injuries to 1169 (96%) registered players at Saturday home and away matches during the 1993-94 season (August 1993 to April 1994). Weather and pitch conditions at 112 grounds were recorded on 605 occasions; 1268 Borders teams played at these grounds, with 344 injury episodes being sustained. Matches were played in dry weather for three-quarters of these occasions. There was a moderate association between weather and the state of the pitch (Spearman's rank correlation, r = -0.46, P < 0.001), with heavier pitches occurring in wetter weather. Logistic regression revealed that there were significant month-of-season (P = 0.003), wind strength (P = 0.008) and temperature (P = 0.011) effects on the risk of injury. On four of five occasions when matches were played in a downpour of rain, at least one injury episode occurred. Our results show that the month of the season and the weather may influence the occurrence of rugby injuries, but that the state of the pitch does not. Further studies are required to investigate these factors in more detail.

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Influence of players' physique on rugby football injuries.

Abstract: (BrJ Sports Med 1997;31:135-138)

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Kinanthropometry of Group I rugby players in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Kinanthropometry of Group I rugby players in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Evaluation of foot support in rugby players: a baropodometric analysis

The influence of environmental factors on rugby football injuries

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