Influence of Planting Density on the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Festuca arundinacea in cd‐Polluted Soil

Qin, Yiting; Shi, Xinyu; Wang, Zhansheng; Pei, Changying; Cao, Min; Luo, Jie

doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03173-z

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Plant density did not change survival in the contaminated soil treatments, whereas survival in pristine soil became patchy as plant density increased from two to six plants per pot. According to Qin et al [ 58 ], high planting densities could increase the mortality of a species owing to intraspecific competition, resulting in a low survival rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, plants in the low-density treatment showed higher plant growth parameter values than those in the other two density treatments ( Figure 3 a, Figure 4 a and Figure 5 a), although high- and medium-density effects on height and diameter were evident to a lesser extent, particularly in the contaminated soil. Several studies have documented that low plant density results in fast plant growth and vice versa [ 58 , 64 , 65 ]. Planting high densities could increase the death rates of species owing to intraspecific competition for resources, leading to lower plant growth [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have documented that low plant density results in fast plant growth and vice versa [ 58 , 64 , 65 ]. Planting high densities could increase the death rates of species owing to intraspecific competition for resources, leading to lower plant growth [ 58 ]. Jiang et al [ 65 ] and Liu et al [ 66 ] also reported that the decline in plant growth in higher density treatments might be due to competition for resources and space among plants grown in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Contaminated Soil on the Survival and Growth Performance of European (Populus tremula L.) and Hybrid Aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) Clones Based on Stand Density

Salam

Ruhui

Sinkkonen

et al. 2022

Plants

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This study was conducted to assess the survival rates, growth, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of four hybrid aspen (14, 191, 27, 291) and two European aspen (R3 and R4) clones cultivated in creosote- and diesel oil-contaminated soil treatments under three different plant densities: one plant per pot (low density), two plants per pot (medium density), and six plants per pot (high density) over a period of two years and three months. Evaluating the survival, growth, and Fv/Fm values of different plants is a prerequisite for phytoremediation to remediate polluted soils for ecological restoration and soil health. The results revealed that contaminated soils affected all plants’ survival rates and growth. However, plants grown in the creosote-contaminated soil displayed a 99% survival rate, whereas plants cultivated in the diesel-contaminated soil showed a 22–59% survival rate. Low plant density resulted in a higher survival rate and growth than in the other two density treatments. In contrast, the medium- and high-density treatments did not affect the plant survival rate and growth to a greater extent, particularly in contaminated soil treatments. The effects of clonal variation on the survival rate, growth, and Fv/Fm values were evident in all treatments. The results suggested that hybrid aspen clones 14 and 291, and European aspen clone R3 were suitable candidates for the phytoremediation experiment, as they demonstrated reasonable survival rates, growth, and Fv/Fm values across all treatments. A superior survival rate for clone 291, height and diameter growth, and stem dry biomass production for clone 14 were observed in all soil treatments. Overall, a reasonable survival rate (~75%) and Fv/Fm value (>0.75) for all plants in all treatments, indicating European aspen and hybrid aspen have considerable potential for phytoremediation experiments. As the experiment was set up for a limited period, this study deserves further research to verify the growth potential of different hybrid aspen and European aspen clones in different soil and density treatment for the effective phytoremediation process to remediate the contaminated soil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Contaminated Soil on the Survival and Growth Performance of European (Populus tremula L.) and Hybrid Aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) Clones Based on Stand Density

Salam

Ruhui

Sinkkonen

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Although previous studies have explored the effects of SRAs on microbial communities in soil remediation processes [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], few studies compare the effects of different SRAs, particularly in field conditions. Plant density is recognized as one of the critical factors determining the efficiency of phytoremediation programs [ 32 , 33 ]. With these ideas in mind, we investigated the effects of biochar and HAP on soil bacterial communities in a slightly Cd-contaminated farmland soil with different planting densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation Agents Drive Bacterial Community in a Cd-Contaminated Soil

Cui

Liu

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Soil remediation agents (SRAs) such as biochar and hydroxyapatite (HAP) have shown a promising prospect in in situ soil remediation programs and safe crop production. However, the effects of SRAs on soil microbial communities still remain unclear, particularly under field conditions. Here, a field case study was conducted to compare the effects of biochar and HAP on soil bacterial communities in a slightly Cd-contaminated farmland grown with sweet sorghum of different planting densities. We found that both biochar and HAP decreased the diversity and richness of soil bacteria, but they differently altered bacterial community structure. Biochar decreased Chao1 (−7.3%), Observed_species (−8.6%), and Shannon indexes (−1.3%), and HAP caused Shannon (−2.0%) and Simpson indexes (−0.1%) to decline. The relative abundance (RA) of some specific taxa and marker species was differently changed by biochar and HAP. Overall, sweet sorghum cultivation did not significantly alter soil bacterial diversity and richness but caused changes in the RA of some taxa. Some significant correlations were observed between soil properties and bacterial abundance. In conclusion, soil remediation with biochar and HAP caused alterations in soil bacterial communities. Our findings help to understand the ecological impacts of SRAs in soil remediation programs.

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“…Thus, it is expected that the large and Cd-tolerant plant with appropriate density could produce great biomass, and subsequently immobilize high Cd in tissues. For instance, the high phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals in Festuca arundinacea ( Qin et al., 2021 ), Eucalyptus globulus ( Luo et al., 2018 ) and Typha domingensis ( Viana et al., 2021 ) with appropriate plant densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biochar application and nutrient fluctuation on the growth, and cadmium and nutrient uptake of Trifolium repens with different planting densities in Cd-contaminated soils

Zheng,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Biochar has been used to remediate contaminated-soil with heavy metals, however, less is known on how biochar interacts with planting density and nutrient fluctuation to affect the remediation. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the effects of biochar application (without vs. with 1% biochar, g/g substrate), nutrient fluctuation (constant vs. pulsed) and planting density (1-, 3- and 6-individuals per pot) on the growth, and cadmium (Cd) and nutrient uptake of Trifolium repens population. Our results found that the growth of T. repens population increased significantly with increasing planting density, and the increment decreased with increasing planting density. Both the Cd and nutrient uptake were higher at higher planting density (e.g., 3- and 6-individuals) than at lower planting density (e.g., 1-individual). Biochar application increased the biomass and shoot Cd uptake, but decreased the ratio of root to shoot and root Cd uptake of T. repens population, the effects of which were significantly influenced by planting density. Although nutrient fluctuation had no effect on the growth of T. repens population, but its interaction with planting density had significant effects on Cd uptake in tissues. Overall, the effects of biochar application and nutrient fluctuation on the growth and Cd uptake were both influenced by planting density in the present study. Our findings highlight that biochar application and constant nutrient supply at an appropriate planting density, such as planting density of 3-individuals per pot in the present study, could promote the growth, and Cd and nutrient uptake of T. repens population.

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Influence of Planting Density on the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Festuca arundinacea in cd‐Polluted Soil

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Contaminated Soil on the Survival and Growth Performance of European (Populus tremula L.) and Hybrid Aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) Clones Based on Stand Density

Effects of Contaminated Soil on the Survival and Growth Performance of European (Populus tremula L.) and Hybrid Aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) Clones Based on Stand Density

Remediation Agents Drive Bacterial Community in a Cd-Contaminated Soil

Effects of biochar application and nutrient fluctuation on the growth, and cadmium and nutrient uptake of Trifolium repens with different planting densities in Cd-contaminated soils

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