Influence of plant phenostage and ploidy level on oviposition and feeding of two specialist herbivores of spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe

Collins, Alexandra R.; Müller‐Schärer, Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.10.010

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Phloem‐feeding aphids were more common on diploid Gymnadenia conopsea orchids than on tetraploids, but this effect varied annually and was nonsignificant the following year (Gross and Schiestl, 2015). Using experimental arrays of diploid and tetraploid spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe , Collins and Müller‐Schärer (2012) showed that a root‐feeding weevil attacked tetraploids more frequently than diploids and that a generalist slug caused more damage on tetraploids, but there was no cytotype‐specific preference by a root‐feeding moth. Variation in attack has also been observed for Solidago altissima .…”

Section: Interactions With Pollinators and Floral Visitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species interactions and plant polyploidy

Segraves

Anneberg

2016

American J of Botany

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Polyploidy is a common mode of speciation that can have far-reaching consequences for plant ecology and evolution. Because polyploidy can induce an array of phenotypic changes, there can be cascading effects on interactions with other species. These interactions, in turn, can have reciprocal effects on polyploid plants, potentially impacting their establishment and persistence. Although there is a wealth of information on the genetic and phenotypic effects of polyploidy, the study of species interactions in polyploid plants remains a comparatively young field. Here we reviewed the available evidence for how polyploidy may impact many types of species interactions that range from mutualism to antagonism. Specifically, we focused on three main questions: (1) Does polyploidy directly cause the formation of novel interactions not experienced by diploids, or does it create an opportunity for natural selection to then form novel interactions? (2) Does polyploidy cause consistent, predictable changes in species interactions vs. the evolution of idiosyncratic differences? (3) Does polyploidy lead to greater evolvability in species interactions? From the scarce evidence available, we found that novel interactions are rare but that polyploidy can induce changes in pollinator, herbivore, and pathogen interactions. Although further tests are needed, it is likely that selection following whole-genome duplication is important in all types of species interaction and that there are circumstances in which polyploidy can enhance the evolvability of interactions with other species.

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Section: Interactions With Pollinators and Floral Visitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species interactions and plant polyploidy

Segraves

Anneberg

2016

American J of Botany

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“…It could be due either to biological controls or to generalist herbivores. Rosettes were shown to have a higher rate of damage from generalist herbivores than adult plants (Collins and Mǖller-Schärer 2012). Because herbivory rates were high in our second experiment (site 4), where the introduced biological controls were not present, it is possible that spotted knapweed seedlings may be subject to generalist herbivores in some habitats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Factors Affecting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) Seedling Survival Rates

Maines

Knochel

Seastedt

2013

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Predicting site vulnerability to nonnative plant establishment remains a difficult goal. Seedling survival is an important component of population dynamics and can affect the success of control strategies. Field manipulations allow potential causal mechanisms of site vulnerability to be evaluated under realistic environmental conditions. We conducted field studies to determine the effects of plant competition and differing precipitation regimes on spotted knapweed seedling survival. We also examined the effect of herbivory on rosette survival and growth. Seeds were sown into plots with vegetation intact or removed at three sites. Seeds were also sown into plots where plant competition and precipitation were manipulated in a factorial design at a single site. Field studies demonstrated that site accounted for much of the variation in emergence rate, while herbivory and plant competition affected seedling survival rates. We observed a wide range in emergence rates, with site averages ranging from 13.1 to 42.5%. Survival the following year ranged from 0.5 to 9.4% of sown seeds. Rosette survival was significantly higher when herbivores were excluded from plots. Below average precipitation reduced seedling survival; however, even with supplemental water, dry-down of exposed sites resulted in low seedling survival. Of the 8,000 seeds added to plots in one study, by autumn, only eight plants resulted, seven of which survived in watered plots with intact vegetation. Collectively, these results show that seedling survival is a critical phase in spotted knapweed population dynamics and can vary among habitats on the basis of plant competition and precipitation. Furthermore, herbivory affects all stages of the lifecycle from the seedling onward. The observed differences help explain the reported variability in seedling survival in the literature and inform efforts to control spotted knapweed using plant competition and biological controls.

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“…Spotted knapweed seedling/juvenile plant density in the sheep-grazed areas declined, in part, because fewer viable seeds were produced ( Figure 3B). Another likely contributing factor was that sheep readily consume juvenile spotted knapweed plants (Olson et al 1997), whereas Cyphocelonus, Larinus, and Agapeta primarily attack adult spotted knapweed plants (Collins and Müller-Schärer 2012;Maines et al 2013b;Smith and Story 2003). Herbivory of juvenile spotted knapweed plants by sheep is noteworthy because spotted knapweed populations often compensate in response to control treatments by increasing the rates of spotted knapweed seedling establishment or juvenile plant survival when intraspecific competition is reduced, thereby enabling spotted knapweed populations to tolerate seed loss or plant mortality (Maines et al 2013a, b;Ortega et al 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Herbivory by Targeted Sheep Grazing and Biological Control Insects to Suppress Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)

Mosley

Frost

Roeder

et al. 2016

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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The use of biological control insects is a promising option for suppressing spotted knapweed, a nonindigenous perennial forb that infests more than 3 million hectares of North American rangeland. Efficacy increases when spotted knapweed is attacked by more than one phytophagous insect; however, combined herbivory by biological control insects has not achieved widespread suppression of spotted knapweed in North America. Here we expand the concept of combined herbivory beyond two or more species of biological control insects to include a vertebrate herbivore, specifically targeted grazing by domestic sheep. Our experiment on foothill rangeland in northwestern Montana evaluated spotted knapweed response to three treatments: (1) biological control insects only, (2) biological control insects + targeted sheep grazing applied in late July (spotted knapweed in late bud–early flower stage), and (3) biological control insects + targeted sheep grazing applied in mid-August (spotted knapweed in full-flower stage). We combined targeted sheep grazing with herbivory by three species of biological control insects: knapweed flower weevil, knapweed root weevil, and sulfur knapweed root moth. Treatments were applied during four consecutive years (2009 to 2012). Spotted knapweed fitness was suppressed more where targeted sheep grazing and biological control insects were combined vs. areas treated with biological control insects alone. Combined herbivory was effective when targeted sheep grazing was applied during either late July or mid-August, but July grazing was more effective. Spotted knapweed produced 96 to 99% fewer viable seeds in sheep-grazed areas. After 4 yr of treatment, total spotted knapweed plant density (seedlings, juvenile, and adult plants) was 86% less in July-grazed areas and 61% less in August-grazed areas than in areas treated with biological control insects alone. Combined herbivory by targeted sheep grazing and biological control insects reduced adult plant density and prevented compensatory recruitment of spotted knapweed, but treatment with biological control insects alone did not.

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Influence of plant phenostage and ploidy level on oviposition and feeding of two specialist herbivores of spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Species interactions and plant polyploidy

Species interactions and plant polyploidy

Factors Affecting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) Seedling Survival Rates

Combined Herbivory by Targeted Sheep Grazing and Biological Control Insects to Suppress Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)

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