Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on the Development of Bulbous Plants With Special Reference to Organ Relationships

Endogenous Auxin Profile in the Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger L.) Flower and Fruit: Free and Amide Conjugated IAA

“…It was observed that removal of the flower or floral organs inhibits the elongation of the floral stalk or peduncle (Op den Kelder and others 1971;Hanks and Rees 1977). Treatment of emasculated or decapitated flowers with auxins (Edelbluth and Kaldewey 1976;Hanks and Rees 1977;De Munk 1979;Kohji and others 1979;Saniewski and De Munk 1981;Ohno and Kako 1991), as well as treatments of isolated stalk explants (Gabryszewska and Saniewski 1983), led to the conclusion that these plant hormones originating in anthers, gynoecium, or developing fruit are largely responsible for peduncle elongation. Identification of endogenous hormones during flowering in the tulip (Okubo and Uemoto 1985;Xu and others 2008) and barley (Wolbang and others 2004) confirm that diffusible auxins from floral organs, in the first place, and in coordination with gibberellins are responsible for stalk elongation.…”

Changes in diffusible indole-3-acetic acid from various parts of tulip plant during rapid elongation of the flower stalk

“…It is suggested that the flower and leaves are production sites of auxins controlling floral stalk elongation of tulip (Op den kelder et al 1971;Hanks and Rees 1977;De Munk 1979;Saniewski and De Munk 1981). These traditional studies had been done by removal of the flower, flower organs or leaves with lanolin paste applied on the cut surface.…”

“…Although covering the cut surfaces with lanolin paste reduces the damage (Hanks and Rees 1977), it cannot offset the physical harm completely. Studies showed that removal of leaves of tulips often results in desiccation of the flower bud and stem elongation is completely inhibited (De Munk 1979). It is well known that wounding is one of the stress factors that can induce increased ethylene production by most plant tissue (Yang and Pratt 1978;Kawa et al 1993).…”

“…Therefore, it was suggested that IAA plays a key role in elongation of the stem and development of the flower in tulip (Op den kelder et al 1971;Saniewski and De Munk 1981;Gabryszewska and Saniewski 1983;Okubo 1997, 1998a, b;Saniewski et al 2005). Moreover, it was suggested that the auxins might be produced in the flower and transported downward to the internodes to promote growth (Op den kelder et al 1971;De Munk 1979). There is evidence that only basipetally transported IAA or its metabolites account for the induction of elongation of tulip stalk (Saniewski et al 1979; Gabryszewska and Saniewski 1983;Banasik and Saniewski 1985).…”

Micropropagation ofTulipa gesnerianaL.: regeneration of bulblets on growing floral stem segments culturedin vitro

“…One could suppose that interactions exist between the status of plant hormones in the tissues and those used in the medium. Hanks and Rees ( 1977), and De Munk ( 1979) showed that tulip flower produces endogenous growth substances, which diffuse basipetally to stimulate the growth of the internodes. Consequently, in accordance with Wright and Alderson ( 1980) we could suggest that the differences in the behavior of the ex plants of the various region of the stem could be explained by a gradient of some plant regulators along the stem, giving an optimal interaction in the median region.…”