Influence of Phytohormones on Monosaccharide Composition of Polysaccharides from Wheat Suspension Culture

Abstract

Plant polysaccharides with technical and physiologic traits attract researchers by their high physiological activity in regulation of the growth, development and protective reactions. Cell cultures allow to regulate chemical composition of synthesized substances by changing media composition and are widely used to enhance or change the biosynthesis of metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of phytohormones 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4 –D) and abscisic acid (ABA) of culture medium on chemical composition of polysaccharides (PS), extracted from cells and extracellular liquid of wheat suspension culture. It was shown for the medium with ABA that monosaccharide composition of extracellular PS mainly represented by glucose (87%), whereas PS isolated from cells were rich for xylose and glucuronic acid. Monosaccharide composition of extracellular PS from media with 2,4-D showed 6-fold increase of arabinose, 8-fold ‒ of galactose, 5-fold ‒ of xylose and glucuronic acid, compared to extracellular PS from ABA medium. Composition of cellular PS from media with 2,4-D were mainly similar to ABA and differed by the increased amount of mannose (3-fold), and galacturonic acid (2,5-fold). Thus, regulative effect of the use of two different types of phytohormones was demonstrated on the biosynthesis of variously composed polysaccharides.

Exploring the Biochemical Origin of DNA Sequence Variation in Barley Plants Regenerated via in Vitro Anther Culture

“…We predicted that this approach would allow us to verify the putative involvement of some vital biochemical pathways, including the methionine cycle [53] and its crucial compound S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), in DNA methylation [54], which could contribute to SV [19]. Moreover, we suspected that compounds indicative of stress caused by in vitro culture, such as lipids [55], polyamines [56], and polysaccharides [57], might also affect DNA methylation.…”

Anti-Cancerous Potential of Polysaccharides Derived from Wheat Cell Culture

“…The T-fractions were revealed to be less toxic for normal cells in the concentrations inhibiting 50% or more of colon cancer cells. This is interesting because previous work [ 33 ] suggested that polysaccharides from ABA treated wheat cells (specifically the A-b fraction) were quite different from those from 2,4-D treated cells (specifically the T-010-fraction). Indeed, the A-b fraction was enriched in glucose, probably from β-glucans, compared to the T-010 fraction which had a monosaccharide composition suggestive of a more equal mixture of arabinogalactans, glucuronarabinoxylans, β-glucans, and xyloglucans (see Supplementary Data, Figure S1A ).…”

“…Cell suspension cultures of soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum of the Kazakhstanskaya 10 variety (provided by Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty, Kazakhstan) were grown in two types of Murashige and Skoog (MS) [ 37 ] liquid medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as we described before [ 33 ] with the addition of phytohormones which are commonly used in plant biotechnology to regulate morphogenesis and biosynthesis of secondary bioactive metabolites in vitro [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]: 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D—2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1.0 mg/L ABA—abscisic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).…”

“…Wheat cells were grown in media 1 with 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D and media 2 with 1.0 mg/L ABA [ 33 ]. The WCCPS fractions that we used were obtained from short-term (7 days), medium-term (21 days) and long-term (42 days) cultivation, because we observed different composition of PSs depending on the cultivation time.…”

“…We explored the chemical composition and physical properties of these wheat PSs, which were found to be represented by arabinogalactans and supposed to be represented by xyloglucans, arabinoxylans, and glucans, according to their monosaccharide composition [ 31 , 32 ]. In addition, we showed that monosaccharide composition changed significantly depending on the cultivation media [ 33 ]. It is known from the literature that these types of polysaccharides are considered applicable to medicine, including for cancer treatment [ 10 ].…”