Influence of phosphorus doping on surface chemistry and capacitive behaviors of porous carbon electrode

Ma, Weiping; Xie, Lingling; Dai, Liqin; Sun, Guohua; Chen, Jianzhong; Su, Fangyuan; Cao, Yufang; Hong, Lei; Kong, Qingqiang; Chen, Cheng-Meng

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.031

Cited by 100 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It thus suggests the lower crystallinities, which are commonly identified as amorphous carbon. Besides, in contrast to standard graphite, the present (002) crystal planes have slightly shifted to lower angle, further revealing the disordered carbon features of the Carbon‐2.0 and C/U‐0.5/1.0/2.0 samples …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Urea‐Modified Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resins for the Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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Various kinds of phenol-formaldehyde resins modified with urea have been firstly designed and synthesized; next, nitrogendoped carbon nanosheets with porous features are fabricated by a template-assisted carbonization method, using the resin as nitrogen and carbon sources, and commercial Mg(OH) 2 as template. Increasing the initial molar ratio of urea results in promoting porosity and N content. When a molar ratio of phenol and urea of 1 : 2 is employed, the resulting carbon nanosheets exhibit a large S BET (1503 m 2 g À 1 ), high pore volume (3.37 cm 3 g À 1 ) and high N doping (6.44 %). Moreover, the material delivers a remarkably improved capacitive performances with a high rate capability up to 81.27 % (pristine material: 27.31 %) and excellent cycling stability up to 119.1 % (pristine material: 88.5 %). Energy densities of up to 4.30 Wh kg À 1 (6.0 M KOH) and 10.42 Wh kg À 1 (1.0 M Na 2 SO 4 ) are found, which are almost 2.70 and 6.61 fold compared to that of the pristine one. The present resin-based synthesis strategy can be extended to other systems and opens up an avenue for producing N-doped carbon materials for supercapacitor applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Urea‐Modified Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resins for the Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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“…[72] Not only the specific capacitance and voltage window seen to be enhanced in the higher potential window, the P-doped carbon electrode also shows the lowest leakage current (<1.2 µA) in TEABF 4 electrolyte. [174] The lower leakage current of 0.009 mA for P-doped rGO after 2.5 h of testing and higher voltage of 0.5146 V after experiencing 6.5 h of open-circuit conditions compared to undoped rGO (0.1 mA and 0.1615 V) are certainly a proof of the positive effect of P-doping. [166] A higher stabilizing effect and lowest leakage current have also been exhibited by N-doped acti-vated carbon fiber in organic electrolyte compared to bare carbon nanofiber.…”

Section: Influence Of Nonaqueous Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition to the introduction of P-group in the carbon matrix, the activation process also helps optimize the pores in the structure. [174,175] Along with the doping, internal structures with balanced pore sizes and distribution are essential for rapid and efficient ion transport and better rate performance. Unlike other dopants, the BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume of the P-doped nanocarbons are higher compared to the pristine counterpart.…”

Section: Surface Features and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Ghosh

Barg

Jeong

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

430

237

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Electrochemical capacitors (best known as supercapacitors) are high‐performance energy storage devices featuring higher capacity than conventional capacitors and higher power densities than batteries, and are among the key enabling technologies of the clean energy future. This review focuses on performance enhancement of carbon‐based supercapacitors by doping other elements (heteroatoms) into the nanostructured carbon electrodes. The nanocarbon materials currently exist in all dimensionalities (from 0D quantum dots to 3D bulk materials) and show good stability and other properties in diverse electrode architectures. However, relatively low energy density and high manufacturing cost impede widespread commercial applications of nanocarbon‐based supercapacitors. Heteroatom doping into the carbon matrix is one of the most promising and versatile ways to enhance the device performance, yet the mechanisms of the doping effects still remain poorly understood. Here the effects of heteroatom doping by boron, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, silicon, and functionalizing with oxygen on the elemental composition, structure, property, and performance relationships of nanocarbon electrodes are critically examined. The limitations of doping approaches are further discussed and guidelines for reporting the performance of heteroatom doped nanocarbon electrode‐based electrochemical capacitors are proposed. The current challenges and promising future directions for clean energy applications are discussed as well.

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“…The best conductivity of PC‐10 sample depends on the synergistic effect of the two effects. [ 18,51,52 ] It is well known that wettability and conductivity can effectively enhance the electrochemical performance, [ 53 ] which will be described in details in the following section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 11 ] More importantly, P as an oxidation protective agent can be helpful to improve the cyclic stability, capacity retention, and working voltage window of capacitors. [ 18 ] In addition, O‐doped microporous carbon has been proved to improve the hydrophilicity of the surface to aqueous electrolytes, which can facilitate the redox reaction and ensure excellent rate performance. [ 13,19 ] However, the cooperative effect of phosphorus/oxygen (P/O) as well as their interaction mechanism for surface modification of carbon materials need to be illustrated more deeply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Effect of Surface Modification of Microporous Carbon by Phosphorus/Oxygen as well as the Redox Additive of p‐Aminophenol for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Tang

Zhong

Líu

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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In present work, commercial microporous carbon materials are modified on the surface with phosphorus/oxygen species by using phytic acid as sole dopant, which plays crucial effect on the carbon structure, wettability, electrical conductivity, and capacitive behaviors. It reveals that with increasing the content of heteroatoms, the porosity and contact angle are decreased but the conductivity turns much larger. Furthermore, p‐aminophenol is introduced to serve as redox additive, which can produce more active surface sites by forming hydrogen bond and complexation with the surface functional groups, further providing additional pseudo‐capacitance. As a result, the energy density of carbon sample by phosphorus/oxygen doping in 1 m H2SO4 electrolyte with p‐aminophenol is as high as 9.2 Wh kg−1, which is 2.6 than that of pristine carbon. What is more, in terms of the simple operation and effective performance, the integration of surface modification toward carbon materials and redox additive can be favorable for largely enhancing the supercapacitor performance.

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Influence of phosphorus doping on surface chemistry and capacitive behaviors of porous carbon electrode

Cited by 100 publications

References 66 publications

Urea‐Modified Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resins for the Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

Urea‐Modified Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resins for the Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

Heteroatom‐Doped and Oxygen‐Functionalized Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Integrating Effect of Surface Modification of Microporous Carbon by Phosphorus/Oxygen as well as the Redox Additive of p‐Aminophenol for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

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