Influence of phosphate, citrate and nitrilotriacetic acid on the removal of aqueous hexavalent chromium by zero-valent iron at circumneutral pH

A polydopamine modified resin loaded nZVI composite for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution

“…PO 4 3− has the least inhibitory effect on the removal of Cr( vi ), which is due to the fact that PO 4 3− can form water-soluble complexes with iron ions and inhibit the formation of hydroxide precipitation. 39 Compared with the above-mentioned anions, the inhibitory effects of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are slightly greater. It may be that Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ can replace some of the iron ions and react with OH − to form hydroxide precipitates, thereby hindering the adsorption and reduction reactions.…”