Influence of Phenological Stage on Swainsonine and Endophyte Concentrations in Oxytropis sericea

Cook, Daniel; Shi, Lei; Gardner, Dale R.; Pfister, James A.; Grum, Daniel; Welch, Kevin D.; Ralphs, Michael H.

doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0067-0

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Cook et al . () examined the densities of Undifilum endophytes and a trihydroxy indolizidine alkaloid, swainsonine, in several tissues of a locoweed, Oxyropis sericea , and they demonstrated that swainsonine concentration was correlated with endophyte density within individual plant tissues. Although we did not examined the relationship between endophyte and alkaloid densities in each plant tissue, our results indicate that alkaloid accumulation can depend not only on endophyte density but also on plant tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

Matsukura

Shiba

Sasaki³

et al. 2013

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: A fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium uncinatum, accumulates N-formylloline, which is toxic to Hemipteran insects, in Italian ryegrass. This study aimed to clarify the dynamics of N. uncinatum and N-formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relationship to insect resistance. Methods and Results: Changes in the density and localization of N. uncinatum and N-formylloline in N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass were examined by real-time PCR and gas chromatography, respectively. Neotyphodium uncinatum multiplied on pseudostems at the flowering stage, and then increased on inflorescences at the ripening stage. On the other hand, N-formylloline accumulated heavily in inflorescences and leaf blades, but lightly in pseudostems at the ripening stage. In field experiments, N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass suppressed the occurrence of Stenotus rubrovittatus, which fed on the inflorescences, but was not effective to Laodelphax striatellus, which do not necessarily prefer a particular plant tissue. Conclusion: Localization of N. uncinatum and N-formylloline were discordant in Italian ryegrass. The N. uncinatum-infected Italian ryegrass was effective to only insects that prefer to feed on particular plant tissues containing N-formylloline. Significance and Impact of Study: Our data implies that the relationship between insect habits and the dynamics of alkaloids in plants is important for the effective use of endophyte-infected crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The titre of alkaloids accumulated in a plant usually depends on the titre of endophytes (Cook et al . ). Despite this basic knowledge about endophytes, there are few studies focusing on the relationship between the dynamics of endophytes and the insect resistance of the infected plants in fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

Matsukura

Shiba

Sasaki³

et al. 2013

J Appl Microbiol

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“…While the endophyte has been found in all plant parts, it is highest in the crown, and has been difficult to isolate from roots (Cook et al, 2009a;Cook et al, 2011). Endophyte amounts change seasonally in above ground parts of plants until the plants reach maturity (Achata et al, 2012;Cook et al, 2012). Gao et al (2012) cultured Alternaria sect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China

Lu¹,

Quan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Leguminous locoweeds cause toxicosis to grazing animals in western China and western USA. Swainsonine, a toxic alkaloid, is produced by the endophytic fungus Alternaria section Undifilum sp. living within the locoweed plants. Nothing is known of the other endogenous fungi associated with locoweed and it is unknown if the presence of Alternaria sect. Undifilum sp., a potential mutualist, in a locoweed influences the fungal microbiome associated with the plant. To help address these questions, endogenous fungi associated with three locoweed species (Oxytropis glabra, Sphaerophysa salsula, and Astragalus variabilis) collected from grasslands from western China were evaluated. Fungi were isolated from the tissues and identified by morphological features and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. A total of 1209 fungal isolates were obtained from 1819 tissues for an isolation rate of 66.5%. Alternaria sect. Undifilum oxytropis, Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were most commonly isolated. Plant host species, plant part, and environment influenced the endogenous fungal communities isolated from the locoweed plants. There were significant differences in the diversity of fungal species isolated from O. glabra from two sites, and no differences between the diversity of fungi isolated from A. variabilis from two sites. Alternaria sect. Undifilum was found most frequently associated with toxic locoweeds. Plants or plant parts that did not yield this endophyte had more plant pathogenic fungi associated with them. This is the first report of the diversity of fungi associated with these locoweeds and the first to suggest a beneficial role for Undifilum.

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“…Swainsonine (SW) is a toxin produced by locoweeds and harmful to livestock industry [1,2]. Chronic ingestion of SW by livestock can cause many problems, including locoism, birth defects, reproductive disorders, congestive heart failure, edema growth retardation and loss of body condition [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Degradation of Swainsonine by Intracellular Enzymes of Arthrobacter sp. HW08

Wang

et al. 2013

Toxins

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Swainsonine (SW) is a toxin produced by locoweeds and harmful to the livestock industry. Degrading SW by Arthrobacter sp. HW08 was demonstrated as a promising way to deal with SW poisoning. However, it is unknown which part of the subcellular enzymes in Arthrobacter sp. HW08 is responsible for biodegrading SW and whether the metabolites are atoxic. In this study, intracellular and extracellular enzymes of Arthrobacter sp. HW08 were isolated and their enzyme activity was evaluated. The metabolites were fed to mice, and physiological and histological properties of the treated mice were investigated. The results showed that only intracellular enzyme of Arthrobacter sp. HW08 (IEHW08) could degrade SW efficiently. Compared with mice in SW treatment group, mice in SW + IEHW08 treatment group (1) increased their body weights; (2) showed higher number of platelets and lower number of white blood cells; (3) decreased the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum; (4) reduced the number of vacuolated cells in cerebellum, liver and kidney. All these data demonstrate that IEHW08 was potentially safe for mice, while keeping the capacity of degrading SW. This study indicates a possible application of IEHW08 as an additive in the livestock industry to protect animals from SW poisoning.

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Influence of Phenological Stage on Swainsonine and Endophyte Concentrations in Oxytropis sericea

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

Dynamics of Neotyphodium uncinatum and N -formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field

Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China

Potential Degradation of Swainsonine by Intracellular Enzymes of Arthrobacter sp. HW08

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