Influence of pH on the electroactivity of polycarbazole

Verghese, Manju M.; Basu, Tinku; Malhotra, Bansi D.

doi:10.1016/0928-4931(95)00063-1

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In CPHC, which contains carbazole units, an absorption peak is visible at 310 nm and a shoulder at 335 nm is observed, which are typically due to the π−π* transition in polycarbazole. , In the case of spectroelectrochemical observation done under monomer free conditions, we observed that with increasing voltage the peak at 310 nm bleaches and the film starts to turn green giving rise to two new peaks at 418 and 699 nm during the stepwise oxidation of the cross-linked polymer film. The peaks at 310, 418, and 699 nm have been understood to arise from the valence band to conduction band, polaron bonding level to π* conduction band, and bonding level to antibonding state of polaron transitions, respectively. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Conjugated Polymer Network Films from Precursor Polymers: Electrocopolymerization of a Binary Electroactive Monomer Composition

et al. 2005

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We report the synthesis and electropolymerization of a precursor polymer with a binary molecular composition of thiophene and carbazole electroactive groups to form ultrathin films of conjugated polymer networks (CPN) on flat indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. In the past we have demonstrated the precursor polymer approach based on a single pendant electroactive group. In this work, we describe the interesting electrocopolymerization mechanism and properties of precursor polymers prepared with two different types of pendant electroactive groups (statistical copolymer) and compared behavior to their respective homopolymers. The presence of a smaller amount of carbazole induces the electropolymerization of the higher oxidation potential thiophene units via the reaction of a radical cation and a neutral molecule pathway. These electrochemically generated thin films gave unique optical, electrochemical, and morphological properties as a function of composition. The film properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), spectroelectrochemistry, EQCM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Conjugated Polymer Network Films from Precursor Polymers: Electrocopolymerization of a Binary Electroactive Monomer Composition

et al. 2005

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“…Because of the absorption of the low energy charged state, the absorption in the visible range due to the π−π* transition bleaches. , In CP−CBZ, at 1.0 V, the peak due to the π−π* transition at 310 nm bleaches and shows a chromic shift from colorless to green, giving rise to two new peaks at 424 and 605 nm (Figure b). The peaks at 424 and 605 nm have been understood to arise from the polaron bonding level to the π* conduction band and bonding level to antibonding state of polaron transitions, respectively 7a, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Electrochemical and Electrochromic Behavior of Terthiophene and Carbazole Containing Conjugated Polymer Network Film Precursors: EC-QCM and EC-SPR

et al. 2006

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A comparative analysis of the copolymerization behavior between an electro-active terthiophene and a carbazole moiety of a conjugated polymer precursor was investigated using electrochemical and hyphenated electrochemical methods. Five different precursor polymers were first synthesized and characterized using NMR, IR, and GPC. The polymers include homopolymers of individual electro-active groups (P3T, P-CBZ) and different compositions of 25, 50, and 75% (P3TC-25, P3TC50, and P3TC-75) with respect to the two electro-active groups. Since the oxidation potentials of terthiophene and carbazole lie very close to each other, highly cross-linked copolymer films of varying extent were produced depending on the composition. The copolymerization extent was found to be dependent primarily on the amount of the terthiophene, which in this case provided for a more efficient carbazole polymerization and copolymerization than with just carbazole alone (homopolymer). The extent of copolymerization, electrochromic properties, and viscoelastic changes was quantitatively investigated using a number of hyphenated electrochemistry techniques: spectro-electrochemistry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies (EC-QCM), and electrochemical surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (EC-SPR). Each technique revealed a unique aspect of the electrocopolymerization behavior that was used to define structure-property relationships and the deposition/copolymerization mechanism.

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“…[5] Above all, a good environmental stability and photoconductivity of PCz with and without substitution have made it a subject of exploration for various applications especially in electroluminescence, [6] light-emitting diodes, [7] electrochromic displays, [8] organic transistors, [9] rechargeable batteries, [10] and so forth. However, a relatively low electrical conductivity (>10 À9 S Á cm À1 in the undoped state and >10 À3 S Á cm À1 in the doped state [11] ) may inhibit its applications. Synthesis of PCz (substituted and unsubstituted) extensively studied by electrochemical polymerization method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Synthesis of Polycarbazole–Gold Nanocomposite

Gupta

Joshi

Prakash

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A polycarbazole–gold nanocomposite is synthesized based on two polymerization techniques, i.e., emulsion and interfacial using aqueous gold chloride and non‐aqueous carbazole monomer solutions. Use of gold chloride as an oxidant for carbazole not only provides a new chemical synthesis for polycarbazole conducting polymer but also allows the formation of conducting nanocomposite in one simple step. Polymerization of carbazole and further growth of the polymer along with gold nanoparticles are governed by the redox reaction between carbazole and Au cations. Two different morphologies of polymers and two different sizes (with narrow size distribution) of gold nanoparticles are obtained depending on the polymerization routes. Structural and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are studied using SEM/TEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and TGA. XRD of nanocomposites depicts the amorphous nature of the polymer and the highly phase selective crystalline nature of gold. Nanocomposites with improved properties show better dispersion in common organic solvents and potential for various technological applications. magnified image

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Influence of pH on the electroactivity of polycarbazole

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Conjugated Polymer Network Films from Precursor Polymers: Electrocopolymerization of a Binary Electroactive Monomer Composition

Conjugated Polymer Network Films from Precursor Polymers: Electrocopolymerization of a Binary Electroactive Monomer Composition

Quantitative Electrochemical and Electrochromic Behavior of Terthiophene and Carbazole Containing Conjugated Polymer Network Film Precursors: EC-QCM and EC-SPR

Novel Synthesis of Polycarbazole–Gold Nanocomposite

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