Influence of Petroleum Coke Sulphur Content on the Sodium Sensitivity of Carbon Anodes

Hume, Sheralyn M.; Fischer, Werner K.; Perruchoud, Raymond C.; Metson, James B.; Baker, Rose M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48200-2_17

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The experiences made on the usage of high S and of isotropic cokes have been reported in many papers, already some decades ago [17][18][19] or more recently [20]. Usage of 20 to 40 % of very high S/V cokes by blending them to relatively low S/V conventional anode grade cokes have been experimented successfully.…”

Section: The Long Optimization Chain For Producing Bench Mark Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the HS anodes appear to be less sensitive to the catalytic effect of the Na related to butts recycling [19], it has to be emphasized that an impeccable cleaning of the butts through several stages in the rodding area is badly needed. The air reactivity figure without butts addition would be just fair as the V content is high and the integrity of the baking furnace has to remain at the highest standard for avoiding poor baking conditions with risks of desulfurization together with dusting related to poor bake furnace state [35].…”

Section: Anode Buttsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bench Mark Prebaked Anode Production with Russian Raw Materials

Meier¹,

Perruchoud²,

Wyss³

2016

J. Sib. Fed. Univ. Eng. technol.

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Section: The Long Optimization Chain For Producing Bench Mark Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anode Buttsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench Mark Prebaked Anode Production with Russian Raw Materials

Meier¹,

Perruchoud²,

Wyss³

2016

J. Sib. Fed. Univ. Eng. technol.

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“…Sulfur and its effect on reactivity has been subject to many investigations, and it is assumed that the positive effect sulfur has on the CO2 reactivity comes in combination with the metal impurities, as the effect of sulfur alone is possibly negative for both air and CO2 reactivity when evaluating sulfur without other impurity interference [4]. The observed positive effect may be caused by the formation of inactive metal-sulfur complexes during carbonization [5,6], however, most of the conclusions are based on adding impurity elements during the production of anodes. This will not necessary represent industrially produced anodes, as doped anodes may not have the same chemical state properly incorporated within the coke structure, which may give misleading results compared to the industrial cokes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Coke in Relation to Sulfur Level and Microstructure

et al. 2019

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The quality of coke materials available for anodes for the aluminium industry is changing and industrial cokes with higher impurity levels are now introduced. The cokes in the anodes must meet specifications with respect to impurity levels to ensure proper operation in the electrolysis cells, and a desired quality of the aluminium metal. The presence of sulfur has been observed to reduce the CO2 reactivity and a certain level of sulfur is therefore targeted in the anodes. In this work, the significance of varying sulfur and metal impurity content in industrial cokes were evaluated with respect to CO2 reactivity, accessible surface area, pore size distribution, surface oxide groups and crystallite reactive edge planes. While relatively similar cokes are observed to give a lower reactivity with increasing sulfur content, cokes that have distinct differences in surface properties can have dissimilar reactivity despite identical sulfur content. Correlations between pore size distribution and presence of S-S bound sulfur, possibly condensed Sx, was also observed.

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“…[27] Sulfur also depress the catalytic effect of sodium, which enters the anodes through butts, perhaps as a Na-S-O complex. [28] Most investigations have, however, been done through doping, for example, for vanadium, nickel, iron, and sulfur, [29,30] and does not necessarily reflect the actual coke conditions if the impurities are not in the same chemical state or form as in the industrially produced coke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A XANES Study of Sulfur Speciation and Reactivity in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production

Jahrsengene

Wells

Rørvik

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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Availability of anode raw materials in the growing aluminum industry results in a wider range of petroleum cokes being used to produce carbon anodes. The boundary between anode grade cokes and what previously was considered non-anode grades are no longer as distinct as before, leading to introduction of cokes with higher sulfur and higher trace metal impurity content in anode manufacturing. In this work, the chemical nature of sulfur in five industrial cokes, ranging from 1.42 to 5.54 wt pct S, was investigated with K-edge XANES, while the reactivity of the cokes towards CO2 was measured by a standard mass loss test. XANES identified most of the sulfur as organic sulfur compounds. In addition, a significant amount is identified (16 to 53 pct) as S-S bound sulfur. A strong inverse correlation is observed between CO2-reactivity and S-S bound sulfur in the cokes, indicating that the reduction in reactivity is more dependent on the amount of this type of sulfur compound rather than the total amount of sulfur or the amount of organic sulfur.

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Influence of Petroleum Coke Sulphur Content on the Sodium Sensitivity of Carbon Anodes

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Bench Mark Prebaked Anode Production with Russian Raw Materials

Bench Mark Prebaked Anode Production with Russian Raw Materials

Reactivity of Coke in Relation to Sulfur Level and Microstructure

A XANES Study of Sulfur Speciation and Reactivity in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production

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