Influence of Petroleum Coke Sulphur Content on the Sodium Sensitivity of Carbon Anodes

Hume, Sheralyn M.; Fischer, Werner K.; Perruchoud, Raymond C.; Metson, James B.; Terry, R.; Baker, K.

doi:10.1002/9781118647745.ch17

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fe is an active catalyst for airburn and the CO2 reaction [7]. Sodium, which is not very abundant in the cokes but can enter the anodes from the use of butts [8,9], and other metals that occur in coke in lesser amounts can also affect these reactions. To avoid airburn the anode is covered with anode cover material, usually alumina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An EXAFS and XANES Study of V, Ni, and Fe Speciation in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production

Jahrsengene

Wells

Sommerseth

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans B

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Lower quality petroleum coke is required to be used in anode manufacture containing S and the metal impurities V, Ni and Fe. These affect the anode performance in the aluminium production process. The chemical identity of the metal species in the coke is not known.Industrial petroleum cokes with high S and containing V, Ni and Fe were analysed by XANES and EXAFS. XANES spectra were compared with standards. EXAFS was used to compare the impurity metal structures with known crystal structures. V is present largely as hexagonal V3S4. Ni is present largely as hexagonal NiS. Fe is present as hexagonal FeS. XAS measurement and analysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An EXAFS and XANES Study of V, Ni, and Fe Speciation in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production

Jahrsengene

Wells

Sommerseth

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Primary QI is finely distributed in pitch and is small in size -average diameter corresponds to about 1 μm. Contrary to the primary QI, secondary QI or mesophase particles are about one to two orders of magnitude larger than primary QI [46]. The white matrix shown in Fig.2 is the soluble (or plastic) portion of pitch.…”

Section: Interactions Characterized By Optical Microscopementioning

confidence: 96%

“…2 shows the appearance for both uncalcined and calcined bio-cokes as long strips differing in transverse and longitudinal direction. If the degree of isotropy is measured by the distribution of width to length ratio of bio-coke particles, defined as the particle width in transverse direction divided by the particle length in longitudinal direction, the width to length ratios for both uncalcined and calcined bio-cokes for the particle size used in this study were determined to be in the range of 0.3 to 0.6, which is between the ratio of an anisotropic coke and an isotropic coke [46].The micrographs showed that there is a common occurrence in the microstructures of the three coal tar pitch droplets placed on bio-cokes (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Interactions Characterized By Optical Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow and infiltration of smaller QI particles of pitch-2 and pitch-3 through calcined bio-coke are prevented by bigger QI particles which act as a filter ( Fig.7 (d and g)). The anisotropic matrix of pitch without reinforcing QI particles shrinks more due to its excessive plasticity during carbonization (baking) and consequently forms cracks/pores and often disbands from the filler bio-coke [46]. The QI particles penetrating into the spaces of the structure of filler reduce the effective thickness of the binder coke, consequently reinforce the liquid pitch binder and increase mechanical properties of composite anode [46].…”

Section: Interactions Characterized By Optical Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of bio-coke with different coal tar pitches

Kocaefe

Bhattacharyay

2016

Fuel

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The interactions of pyrolysed and calcined bio-cokes with three coal tar pitches of different properties were studied using a sessile drop test at 170°C. A model was employed to characterize and quantify the spreading and penetration of pitch into bio-coke bed. The pyrolysed bio-cokes were produced from softwood materials by heat treatment at 426°C. The calcined bio-cokes were produced by calcining the pyrolysed bio-coke at 1200°C. Optical microscope, SEM/EDS, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to analyze the coke-pitch interface and study their interaction mechanisms. The results show that the wettability of bio-coke is related to both pitch and coke properties. It is found that the presence of small amount of uniformly distributed small size quinoline insolubles (QI) in pitch seems to help pitch spread and penetrate into the bio-coke bed. Besides, calcination changes the chemical structure of bio-coke, enriches its carbon (C %) content, increases its crystalline length (Lc), and lowers its wettability by pitch.

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“…Anode produced from CPC 2 coke (anodes 18 and 19, Figures 8 and Table 5), had comparatively higher rate of reactivity and dusting due to lower concentration of sulfur. It was found in literature that sulfur inhibited the catalytic activity of metal impurities (Hume, 1999;Tran, 2009;Hume, 2013). The carbon anodes are consumed during the electrolysis process and have to be replaced every 2-4 weeks depending on the size and density of the anode and the operating conditions of the electrolytic cell.…”

Section: Co 2 Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Coke Granulometry on the Properties of Carbon Anodes based on Experimental Study and ANN Analysis

Sarkar¹,

Kocaefe

Kocaefe³

et al. 2016

JMSR

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<p class="1Body">The available anode-quality petroleum coke is not sufficient to cover the need created by the increase in the world aluminum production. Understanding the consequences of varying calcined coke quality is necessary to possibly compensate for the reduction in coke quality and adjust the anode paste recipe in the subsequent use of coke in order to obtain economically viable production of aluminum. Different fractions of coke particles were mixed to optimize the anode recipe; however, it was laborious to find experimentally the suitable percentage of each fraction in anode paste which would give good anode properties. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed for adjusting the granulometry of the raw materials for anode production. Tapped bulk density of dry aggregates was used to predict the anode paste recipe using the ANN method. A new anode recipe (by adjusting the medium fraction in the paste) was proposed based on the predictions of an ANN model, which resulted in improved anode properties.</p>

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Influence of Petroleum Coke Sulphur Content on the Sodium Sensitivity of Carbon Anodes

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

An EXAFS and XANES Study of V, Ni, and Fe Speciation in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production

An EXAFS and XANES Study of V, Ni, and Fe Speciation in Cokes for Anodes Used in Aluminum Production

Interaction of bio-coke with different coal tar pitches

Effect of Coke Granulometry on the Properties of Carbon Anodes based on Experimental Study and ANN Analysis

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