Influence of Penning Ionization on Glowlike Dielectric Barrier Discharge Formation in Medium-Pressure Ar

Abstract

We study the level spacing distribution p(s) in the spectrum of random networks. According to our numerical results, the shape of p(s) in the Erdős-Rényi (E-R) random graph is determined by the average degree k and p(s) undergoes a dramatic change when k is varied around the critical point of the percolation transition, k = 1. When k 1, the p(s) is described by the statistics of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE), one of the major statistical ensembles in Random Matrix Theory, whereas at k = 1 it follows the Poisson level spacing distribution. Closely above the critical point, p(s) can be described in terms of an intermediate distribution between Poisson and the GOE, the Brodydistribution. Furthermore, below the critical point p(s) can be given with the help of the regularized Gamma-function. Motivated by these results, we analyse the behaviour of p(s) in real networks such as the internet, a word association network and a protein-protein interaction network as well. When the giant component of these networks is destroyed in a node deletion process simulating the networks subjected to intentional attack, their level spacing distribution undergoes a similar transition to that of the E-R graph.

High repetition rate laser induced fluorescence applied to Surfatron Induced Plasmas

“…The formation and destruction of active species in plasma mixtures does not only depend on the Electron Excitation Kinetics (EEK) but also on the Heavy particle Excitation Kinetics (HEK). Herewith we refer to processes like penning-ionization, and excitation and ionization transfer in which the internal energy is converted from one system to another [24,25]. It is challenging to employ SaTiRe-LIF to discover and unravel the conversion channels.…”