Influence of pellet length on performance of pellet room heaters under real life operation conditions

Wöhler, Marius; Jaeger, Dirk; Reichert, G.; Schmidl, Christoph; Pelz, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.12.047

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The concentration of OGC in Picea abies was around two orders of magnitude greater than that of the other pellet types except for Vitis vinifera which showed an OGC concentration of only one order of magnitude lower than that of Picea abies. As a criterion of comparison in December 2012 an Italian law (Italian Minister of Economics, 2012) established that citizens can receive an economic support from State for the installation of domestic pellet stoves which prove to have CO emissions below 250 mg/Nm 3 and OGC plus total particulate matter (in the form: PM + 0,42*OGC) emissions below 40 mg/Nm 3 , referred to 13% of O 2 .Considering the results of the present study Robinia pseudoacacia and all the three commercial pellets emissions were in compliance with the law for both limits except for softwood mix which exceeded the limit for CO. Nitrogen oxide concentrations were higher in the flue gas of Robinia pseudoacacia samples followed by Vitis vinifera although all values were in the same order of magnitude, in agreement with results reported by Wӧhler et al (Wöhler et al, 2017). In table 3 are reported the BTEX concentrations in the flue gas of the three in-house pelletized biomasses evidencing how Picea abies showed higher concentrations of BTEX with respect to Robinia pseudoacacia and Vitis vinifera, in accord to OGC results.…”

Section: Table 1 Here Table 2 Heresupporting

confidence: 88%

Sustainable domestic burning of residual biomasses from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region

Giungato

Barbieri

Cozzutto

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Section: Table 1 Here Table 2 Heresupporting

confidence: 88%

Sustainable domestic burning of residual biomasses from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region

Giungato

Barbieri

Cozzutto

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…In general, emissions from wood combustion vary widely due to the type of combustion technology (e.g., automatically and manually stoked combustion systems) and type of fuel (e.g., firewood, wood chips, wood pellets). ,− Batch wise firewood stoves are mainly characterized by a natural convection driven combustion. Thus, the combustion quality is limited compared to automatically controlled systems such as firewood or pellet boilers. − In principle, the performance (i.e., emissions and efficiency) of firewood stoves depends on many factors such as combustion technology, − installation conditions, − fuel quality, − and user behavior. ,− In recent years, emission control legislation with more stringent limits forced the European stove industry to develop advanced firewood stoves with reduced emissions and increased efficiency . For this reason, a wide variety of new pollution control technologies are available on the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Integrated Emissions Reduction Systems in a Firewood Stove under Real Life Operation Conditions

et al. 2017

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Firewood combustion is the main renewable heating source for households in Europe and is responsible for a certain share of harmful emissions such as particle matter. Common wood combustion appliances in households are firewood stoves. Forced by stringent limits of European emission control legislations, the stove industry developed a wide variety of new pollution control technologies which can be integrated into firewood stoves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three emission control systems to be applied in firewood stoves which were a foam ceramic element, a catalytic active coated foam ceramic element, and a honeycomb catalyst. Combustion tests with these devices and dummies under real life operation conditions were conducted which included starting phases and stove operation in nominal and partial load. Particulate and gaseous emissions were measured, and emission conversion rates were calculated. Results showed no significant emission reduction rates for the foam ceramic element. The catalytic active coated foam ceramic element reduced the emissions considerably in nominal and partial load operation up to 32% for carbon monoxide, 61% for organic gaseous carbon, and up to 41% for particulate matter. However, emission reduction rates were rather low in the starting phase. The honeycomb catalyst showed the highest emission reduction potential of all systems in the study. The reduction rates were significant in all combustion phases and were up to 73% for carbon monoxide, 58% for organic gaseous carbon, and up to 33% for particulate matter.

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“…Also, considering that longer pellets have a lower burning efficiency and have higher emission values [17], producers should adjust the cutting knives of their pelletizing machines according to the maximum length limits given in pellet standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of length on mechanical durability of various wood pellets

Akdeniz¹,

Esmer²

2017

HAE

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In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of length on the mechanical durability of pellets made from Valonia Oak industrial waste, Calabrian Pine residue and sawdust at various mixture ratios of these materials. The pellets were classified into six length classes of 3.15 mm < PL ≤ 20 mm, 20 mm < PL ≤ 35 mm, 35 mm < PL ≤ 38 mm, 38 mm < PL ≤ 40 mm, 40 mm < PL ≤ 45 mm and 45 mm < PL, and each length class was classified into four categories (C-I, C-II, C-III and C-IV) according to surface cracks. Mechanical durability test results showed that, in the 66.5-33.5% acorn-pine mixture ratio, only the 20 mm < PL ≤ 35 mm-C-I pellets met the 97.5% mechanical durability limit of ENplus, but most of the other classes met the minimum PFI standard mechanical durability limit of 95%. In the free fall tests, all length classes showed the same results for C-I pellets: these did not break into pieces easily, whereas C-IV pellets broke into pieces at the first fall. Also, their weight loss was greater than that of the other categories. Keywordswood pellet, forest residue, valonia waste, length, mechanical durability IntroductionTurkey has approximately 22 342 000 ha of forest, of which 5 886 195 ha or 26.34% is oak, and 5 610 215 ha or 25.11% is Calabrian pine [1]. These tree species are widely used in the timber industry, especially in furniture making [2]. Also, acorns are used as a raw material in the leather industry in the tanning process It is estimated that the sawdust and other wastes from the processing of these and other tree species, together with the branches, shoots and other pruned materials have an energy value of 859 899 TOE according to BEPA data. The min-max oven-dry calorific values of oak and pine are 3972-4287 cal/gr and 4216-4531 cal/gr [6] respectively, so that these materials could be used as an important source in the production of heat energy.Because of its dispersed state and various other physical characteristics, this biomass must undergo some pre-treatment in order to convert it into a productive form. Pelleting technologies are widely applied in order to increase the energy density of biomass and to reduce the costs of storage and transport [7]. In order for pellets to be easily transported and to have a long shelf life, it is necessary to set up standard accepted mechanical durability values for pellets [8].In this study, an investigation was made of the mechanical durability of pellets made at a factory producing valonia from acorns, using the waste from the valonia production process (Figure 1), [9] mixed at a proportion of 60-81% [3] with Calabrian pine forest residue and sawdust. These pellets are used to meet the heating needs of the factory itself and some are sold commercially. The effect of cracks on the pellet surface was also investigated, separating the pellets into length classes. N° 32/2017 62-71 62 HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

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Influence of pellet length on performance of pellet room heaters under real life operation conditions

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Sustainable domestic burning of residual biomasses from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region

Sustainable domestic burning of residual biomasses from the Friuli Venezia Giulia region

Potential of Integrated Emissions Reduction Systems in a Firewood Stove under Real Life Operation Conditions

Effects of length on mechanical durability of various wood pellets

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