and have led to several commercial products such as inks, sensors, and displays.Conductive polymers can be synthesized by several methods, each with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Chemical polymerization is the simplest method, requiring only the reagents necessary for the polymerization and a container, but generally results in poor properties. Electrochemical polymerization is a more controlled polymerization method (via the voltage and current), but requires a problematic three-electrode set up when considering large areas and upscaling. One polymerization technique that has shown promise, both for resulting in good conductive polymer properties and the potential for large area manufacturing, is vapor phase polymerization (VPP). [3,4] VPP uses a liquid oxidant that polymerizes a vapor monomer. The oxidant can be deposited using many different techniques, the most common method is spin coating, which results in very smooth and homogenous layers. [5][6][7][8] Performing VPP on spin-coated oxidant films has been shown to provide conductive polymers of impressive electronic properties and relatively large scale (10 cm 2 ). [9,10] However, its ability to coat one substrate at a time and the material waste makes spin coating unsuitable for hundreds of devices or truly large scale (≈dm 2 − m 2 ).Various deposition methods of the oxidant followed by VPP have been published to push the resolution of patterns possible via dip pen lithography [11] or for increasing the possibility for largescale manufacturing via inkjet printing. [12] However, truly scalable conductive polymer films fabricated by VPP have yet to be shown.Screen printing is one industrial standard deposition technique that can be truly scalable in either a sheet-by-sheet or roll-to-roll process. This technique allows pattern resolutions of at least 100 µm (with 100 µm spacing) and the ink deposition is performed within seconds. Screen printing has been used extensively for display, [13] sensor, [14] energy storage, [15] and transistor [16] applications due to the ability of over-printability, alignment at high accuracy, and registration marks allowing layer-by-layer deposition of functional inks.The combination of screen printing and the VPP process will permit all-printed devices to be fabricated at high resolution, which opens the possibilities of commercialization due to the cost-effective deposition technique. Previous reports combining
Large area manufacturing of printed electronic components on ~A4-sized substrates is demonstrated by the combination of screen printing and vapor phase polymerization (VPP) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).The oxidant layer required for the polymerization process is screen printed, and the resulting conductive polymer patterns are manufactured at high resolution (100 µm). Successful processing of several common oxidant species is demonstrated, and the thickness can be adjusted by altering the polymerization time. By comparing the polymer films of this work to a commercial PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT d...