Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: Kinetics and durability of the humoral immune response

Ontañón, Jesús; Blas, Joaquín; Cabo, Carlos de; Santos, Celia; Ruiz-Escribano, Elena; García, Antonio Ruiz; Marín, L. L.; Sáez, L; Beato, José Luís; Rada, Ramón; Navarro, Laura; Baranda, Caridad Sainz de; Solera, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103656

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…The findings of this cross-sectional nationwide study, which included serum samples from 1612 PHCWs collected from June 2021 to August 2021, demonstrated a stronger immune response in PHCWs with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than those with no evidence of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly PHCWs with a single vaccine dose. This is in line with previous studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] reporting higher and longer-lasting anti-S antibody levels among individuals with evidence of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than vaccinated individuals, which represents a remarkable and sustained enhancement of both the humoral and cellular responses, including higher neutralizing antibody responses [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. As in previous studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], we show that PHCWs who experienced COVID-19 after a single dose of vaccine exhibited antibody titers similar to those that had received two doses of vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is in line with previous studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] reporting higher and longer-lasting anti-S antibody levels among individuals with evidence of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than vaccinated individuals, which represents a remarkable and sustained enhancement of both the humoral and cellular responses, including higher neutralizing antibody responses [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. As in previous studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], we show that PHCWs who experienced COVID-19 after a single dose of vaccine exhibited antibody titers similar to those that had received two doses of vaccine. This is in contrast with the marked antibody increase after the second dose of vaccine in PHCWs with no evidence of a previous infection before vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France

Decarreaux

Pouquet

Souty

et al. 2022

Viruses

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We aimed to investigate the immunoglobulin G response and neutralizing activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among primary health care workers (PHCW) in France and assess the association between the neutralizing activity and several factors, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination scheme. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10 May 2021 and 31 August 2021. Participants underwent capillary blood sampling and completed a questionnaire. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein and the S-1 portion of the spike (S) protein and neutralizing antibodies. In total, 1612 PHCW were included. The overall seroprevalences were: 23.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.6–25.7%) for antibodies against the N protein, 94.7% (93.6–95.7%) for antibodies against the S protein, and 81.3% (79.4–83.2%) for neutralizing antibodies. Multivariate regression analyses showed that detection of neutralizing antibodies was significantly more likely in PHCW with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than in those with no such history among the unvaccinated (odds ratio (OR) 16.57, 95% CI 5.96–59.36) and those vaccinated with one vaccine dose (OR 41.66, 95% CI 16.05–120.78). Among PHCW vaccinated with two vaccine doses, the detection of neutralizing antibodies was not significantly associated with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.86–2.07), but was more likely in those that received their second vaccine dose within the three months before study entry than in those vaccinated more than three months earlier (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.51–8.23). This study highlights that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and the time since vaccination should be considered when planning booster doses and the design of COVID-19 vaccine strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France

Decarreaux

Pouquet

Souty

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Our study confirms previous evidence for an earlier, stronger and more persistent humoral immune response in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus naïve individuals following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine ( 20 ). The anti-spike antibodies and neutralization capacity levels six months after vaccination protocol were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 experienced HCWs compared to naïve HCWs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Kinetics and Persistence of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-Naive and -Experienced Subjects: Impact of Booster Dose and Breakthrough Infections

Desmecht

Tashkeev²,

Moussaoui³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundUnderstanding and measuring the individual level of immune protection and its persistence at both humoral and cellular levels after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is mandatory for the management of the vaccination booster campaign. Our prospective study was designed to assess the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in triggering the cellular and humoral immune response in healthcare workers up to 12 months after the initial vaccination, with one additional boosting dose between 6 and 12 months.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 208 healthcare workers (HCWs) from the Liège University Hospital (CHU) of Liège in Belgium. Participants received two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) and a booster dose 6-12 months later. Fifty participants were SARS-CoV-2 experienced and 158 were naïve before the vaccination. Blood sampling was performed at the day of the first (T0) and second (T1) vaccine doses administration, then at 2 weeks (T2), 4 weeks (T3), 6 months (T4) and 12 months (T5) after the second dose. Between T4 and T5, participants also got the third boosting vaccine dose. A total of 1145 blood samples were collected. All samples were tested for the presence of anti-Spike antibodies, using the DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric S IgG assay, and for anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies, using Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-like variant strain were quantified in all samples using a Vero E6 cell-based neutralization assay. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated at T4 and T5 on 80 and 55 participants, respectively, by measuring the secretion of IFN-γ on peripheral blood lymphocytes using the QuantiFERON Human IFN-γ SARS-CoV-2, from Qiagen. We analyzed separately the naïve and experienced participants.FindingsWe found that anti-spike antibodies and neutralization capacity levels were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 experienced HCWs compared to naïve HCWs at all time points analyzed except the one after boosting dose. Cellular immune response was also higher in experienced HCWs six months following vaccination. Besides the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection history on immune response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, we observed a significant negative association between age and persistence of humoral response. The booster dose induced an increase in humoral and cellular immune responses, particularly in naive individuals. Breakthrough infections resulted in higher cellular and humoral responses after the booster dose.ConclusionsOur data strengthen previous findings demonstrating that immunization through vaccination combined with natural infection is better than 2 vaccine doses immunization or natural infection alone. The benefit of the booster dose was greater in naive individuals. It may have implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent severe COVID-19 and reduce the impact of the pandemic on the healthcare system. More specifically, it may help prioritizing vaccination, including for the deployment of booster doses.

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“…This information could be a guiding factor in the design of more effective vaccination schemes for the future. In relation with the duration of the immune response, short-term immunity (around 6 months) against SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is generated by the application of only two doses of BNT162b2 in naïve-infected individuals; however, immunity in vaccinated individuals with previous infection remained during 10 months to 1 year after post-COVID-19 infection following one or two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine [52,53]. After the diminution in antibody titers against the virus, components of the adaptive immune response, such as B cells, T CD4+, and T CD8+ cells, can persist during months or even years [54], and can confer protection against reinfections with new variants of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Humoral Immune Response Induced by the Administration of the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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The BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was the first emergency approved vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the variations in the humoral immune response induced by the administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the elderly, and those with comorbidities and immunosuppression states. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of generated neutralizing antibodies against the new variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. Pubmed, Science Direct, Mendeley, and WorldWide Science were searched between 1 January 2020 and October 2021 using the keywords “BNT162b2”, “serology”, “comorbidity”, “immunosuppression”, and “variants of concern”dA total of 20 peer-reviewed publications were selected. The analysis showed that those individuals with previous infections have a considerably higher antibody response after the administration of BNT162b2 vaccine in contrast with seronegative individuals. With regard to variation in immune responses, elderly individuals, patients with cancer, or patients who had undergone a kidney transplant, dialysis, or who were pregnant had a lower antibody response in comparison to healthy individuals. Finally, antibodies developed against the S protein produced by the BNT162b2 vaccine, possessed lower neutralizing activity against the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, patients with immunodeficiencies and comorbidities have a lesser antibody response, about which further studies need to be performed in order to analyze the effectiveness and duration of the humoral immunity associated with vaccination in these specific populations.

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Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: Kinetics and durability of the humoral immune response

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Neutralizing Activity among Primary Health Care Workers 6 Months after Vaccination Rollout in France

Kinetics and Persistence of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-Naive and -Experienced Subjects: Impact of Booster Dose and Breakthrough Infections

Variation in the Humoral Immune Response Induced by the Administration of the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine: A Systematic Review

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