Influence of Oxytocin (Pitocin) Upon the Heart and Blood Pressure of the Chicken, Rabbit, Cat, Dog and Turtle

Woodbury, Robert A.; Abreu, Benedict E.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1944.142.1.114

Cited by 27 publications

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“…All these workers attributed the greater and more prolonged effect following atropine to its ability to block a cardiac stimulating effect of the pituitary preparations. However, Woodbury & Abreu (1944) did not find that Pitocin augmented cardiac contraction in chickens. It is not possible to say whether a cardiac effect was concerned in the experiments described here, where the depressor response to oxytocin was increased and prolonged by very dissimilar agents and procedures, namely, atropine, bretylium, tetraethylammonium, and once after decapitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Persistence of a Depressor Response to Oxytocin in the Fowl After Denervation and Blocking Agents

Lloyd¹,

Pickford²

1961

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on the blood pressure of the fowl have been studied after surgical or chemical interruption of parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and after the administration of stilboestrol and progesterone. An augmented and prolonged depressor response to oxytocin was seen after atropine, bretylium, tetraethylammonium or decapitation, but not after decerebration, dihydroergotamine or dibenamine. There was a tendency for the pressor action of vasopressin to disappear after decapitation, decerebration, and all the blocking agents used, except tetraethylammonium. The differences between these results and those which have been obtained in rats are discussed.It was shown in a recent paper (Lloyd & Pickford, 1961) that the effects of posterior pituitary hormones on the vascular system of the rat may be altered by chemical or surgical interruption-of certain parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. For example, although oxytocin was without effect on the blood pressure of the male or dioestrous female, despite dilatation of some vascular beds (Lloyd, 1959a), it acted as a pressor substance after -pithing, decerebration, or sympathetic blockade at either the ganglionic or peripheral level. The pressor effect of vasopressin was greater than normal after such procedures.A similar pressor response to oxytocin, and an increased response to vasopressin, were seen in the oestrous female, during late pregnancy, or after the administration of ovarian hormones to male or female rats (Lloyd, 1959a & b). It was therefore of interest to determine whether any changes in response to oxytocin and vasopressin could be induced by such procedures in other species. For this purpose the fowl was chosen, since a marked fall in blood pressure normally follows the injection of oxytocin, with little or no tachyphylaxis to small doses, and hence any conversion to a pressor response could be easily detected. METHODSWhite Leghorns of approximately 2 kg body weight were used, anaesthetized with sodium phenobarbitone (200 mg/kg) injected intramuscularly. All injections were made into a cannulated wing vein in a total volume of 0.4 ml. of 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood pressure was recorded on a kymograph from a mercury manometer connected to the cannulated ischiatic artery as described by Coon (1939). Sodium citrate (8% w/v) solution was used in the connecting pieces of the recording system. Stilboestrol dipropionate and progesterone (Progestin, B.D.H.) were injected subcutaneously in oil 24 or more hr before observations were

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Persistence of a Depressor Response to Oxytocin in the Fowl After Denervation and Blocking Agents

Lloyd¹,

Pickford²

1961

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…Although direct determinations of blood pressure have been made on unanesthetized chickens (7,48,50,64,(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(102)(103)(104), to study drug effects, it would be preferable to use anesthetized animals if only to ensure immobility and constancy of drug responses. The more common anesthetic agents which have been employed to induce general anesthesia in acute chicken experiments are sodium phenobarbital (9-15, 19, 35, 36, 41, 51, 61, 79, 80, 82, 97), sodium barbital (62), sodium amobarbital (27), sodium pentobarbital (2,25,34,41,55,66,69,100), urethane (19, 30-32, 38, 39, 73-75), morphine (104), chloral hydrate (41,49,72), chloralose (105) and ether (1, 28, 29, 38, 39, 43-45, 52, 63, 78, 104).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more common anesthetic agents which have been employed to induce general anesthesia in acute chicken experiments are sodium phenobarbital (9-15, 19, 35, 36, 41, 51, 61, 79, 80, 82, 97), sodium barbital (62), sodium amobarbital (27), sodium pentobarbital (2,25,34,41,55,66,69,100), urethane (19, 30-32, 38, 39, 73-75), morphine (104), chloral hydrate (41,49,72), chloralose (105) and ether (1, 28, 29, 38, 39, 43-45, 52, 63, 78, 104). These anesthetic agents have been used either singly or in various combinations (28,31,36,39,41,76).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hearts prepared in this fashion were found to beat vigorously for one to four and a half hours. Another group of workers (104) found that chicken hearts perfused with Ringer-Locke's solution deteriorated within a few minutes and they there fore used a different perfusion medium which was claimed to conform with the molecular concentration of ions in bird's serum. Ventricular fibrillation was occasionally encountered in the isolated chicken heart and it was found that the tendency to fibrillation could be reduced by maintaining perfusion at a temperature of 34-35°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular Pharmacology of the Domestic Fowl

Buñag

Walaszek

1962

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Oxytocin can reduce the blood pressure in isolated perfused hearts from cats, rabbits and chickens (53). The response of rabbit hearts is variable.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin: recent developments

Tom

Assinder

2010

BioMolecular Concepts

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Oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone that is produced centrally by neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is released directly into higher brain centres and into the peripheral circulation where it produces a multitude of effects. Classically, oxytocin is known for inducing uterine contractions at parturition and milk ejection during suckling. Oxytocin also acts in a species and gender specific manner as an important neuromodulator. It can affect behaviours associated with stress and anxiety, as well social behaviours including sexual and relationship behaviours, and maternal care. Additionally, oxytocin has been shown to have a variety of physiological roles in peripheral tissues, many of which appear to be modulated largely by locally produced oxytocin, dispelling the notion that oxytocin is a purely neurohypophyseal hormone. Oxytocin levels are altered in several diseases and the use of oxytocin or its antagonists have been identified as a possible clinical intervention in the treatment of mood disorders and pain conditions, some cancers, benign prostatic disease and osteoporosis. Indeed, oxytocin has already been successful in clinical trials to treat autism and schizophrenia. This review will report briefly on the known functions of oxytocin, it will discuss in depth the data from recent clinical trials and highlight future targets for oxytocinergic modulation.

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Influence of Oxytocin (Pitocin) Upon the Heart and Blood Pressure of the Chicken, Rabbit, Cat, Dog and Turtle

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

The Persistence of a Depressor Response to Oxytocin in the Fowl After Denervation and Blocking Agents

The Persistence of a Depressor Response to Oxytocin in the Fowl After Denervation and Blocking Agents

Cardiovascular Pharmacology of the Domestic Fowl

Oxytocin: recent developments

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