Influence of Orientation and Position of Fruiting Laterals on Canopy Light Penetration, Yield, and Fruit Quality of ‘Granny Smith’ Apple

Tustin, D.S.; Hirst, Peter M.; Warrington, I. J.

doi:10.21273/jashs.113.5.693

Cited by 66 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These LAZY1- sil lines displayed multiple traits that are beneficial for commercial production. The wider branch angles resulted in more open canopies which could increase light penetration, improving flower bud development and fruit quality 30 . An unexpected benefit of LAZY1- sil trees came from their lack of apical dominance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working smarter, not harder: silencingLAZY1inPrunus domesticacauses outward, wandering branch orientations with commercial and ornamental applications.

Kohler,

Hollender,

Raines

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Controlling branch orientation is a central challenge in tree fruit production, as it impacts factors as diverse as light interception, pesticide use, fruit quality, yield, and labor costs. In an attempt to modify branch orientation, growers use many different management practices, including tying branches to wires or applying growth regulator sprays. However, these practices are often costly and ineffective. In contrast, altering the expression of genes that control branch angles and orientations would permanently optimize tree architecture with minimal management inputs. One gene implicated in branch angle control isLAZY1, which promotes upward branch growth in response to gravity. We used an antisense vector to silenceLAZY1in plum (Prunus domestica). We found that theseLAZY1-silencedlines have significantly increased branch and petiole angles. In addition, they lack apical dominance and display a wandering or weeping branch trajectory. Given these phenotypes, we assessed whether the strength or stiffness of the branches were compromised. No differences were observed in new growth. While the wood of first-yearLAZY1-silenced branches was more flexible and weaker than the control, the strength and stiffness of the branches were not decreased because branch diameter is increased. Finally, we evaluated the utility ofLAZY1-silenced trees for two planar orchard systems, training them in super slender axe and espalier.LAZY1-silenced trees had more open canopies and were easier to constrain to the trellis height. This work illustrates the power of manipulating gene expression to optimize plant architecture for horticultural applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working smarter, not harder: silencingLAZY1inPrunus domesticacauses outward, wandering branch orientations with commercial and ornamental applications.

Kohler,

Hollender,

Raines

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Such distribution subsequently modulates the interception of light energy and nutrient absorption within the canopy (Wei et al, 2004). The structural configuration of the tree primarily determines the dispersion of light within the canopy (Tustin et al, 1988), with the efficiency of energy utilization playing a role in determining tree size and fruit quality (e.g., Apple: Buler et al, 2001; Green et al, 2001). The canopy area and tree height dictate the tree's ability to intercept sunlight, essential for photosynthesis and fruit development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal tree architecture for high‐yield yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) management

Wang,

Jia

et al. 2023

Food and Energy Security

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Tree architectural attributes demonstrate a significant association with fruit yield. Yellowhorn is the future bioenergy tree in China; however, the species suffers from high reproductive energy and exceedingly low reproductive output. To optimize yellowhorn management and pinpoint priority trees featuring optimal architecture, we employed machine learning modeling to develop high fruit yielding predictive models using five yield indicators (dependent variables: FrW, SeW, ShW, FrW, and SeN) and five tree characteristics (independent variables: CA, TH, DGL, HLC, and MBN) of yellowhorn. Results showed that trees characterized by a substantial canopy area (>1.70 m2) and a large diameter at ground level (>3.71 cm) have been found to yield a higher fruit production. However, increased tree height does not invariably correlate with an elevated yield. Effective selection of high‐yielding individuals can be accomplished by restricting tree height within the range of 192–232.4 cm. This approach emphasizes the importance of integrating considerations of tree architecture into forestry management practices. Such integration can bolster productivity, thereby contributing to both the sustainability and economic viability of yellowhorn forests.

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“…In addition to all other environmental factors, the fruit quality of any plant species (including apple) is strongly influenced by light. As reported in many research papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], fruits exposed to sunlight may differ in quality from shaded fruits. Besides light, temperature can also have a strong influence on some fruit quality characteristics [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Canopy Position on the Fruit Quality Parameters and Contents of Bioactive Compounds and Minerals in ‘Braeburn’ Apples

Kaučić,

Vuković,

Gašpar

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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This study attempts to clarify the effect of canopy position on the physico-chemical parameters of apples cv. Braeburn. The experiments were carried out on fruit from the inner and outer part of the canopy in two growing seasons and at two harvest dates. Light measurements revealed that the average value of photo active radiation (PAR) for the inside and outside canopy amounted to 30.3 μmol/m2/s and 133.7 μmol/m2/s, respectively. Production year and canopy position significantly influenced ground color parameters a*, b*, C*, and h°, while the harvest date influenced all color parameters studied. For additional (red blush) coloration, the production year significantly influenced only the L* parameter, harvest date influenced all color parameters, and canopy position influenced L, a*, and C*. Only the fruits of the second harvest date showed more intense additional (red blush) coloration. The production year significantly affected fruit mass, firmness, total soluble solids (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA ratio, DPPH radical scavenging assay (AOP), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The harvest date significantly influenced fruit mass, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, AOP, TPC, and TFC. The canopy position significantly influenced SSC, TA, AOP, TPC, and TFC. Regarding mineral content, the production year significantly affected the content of Fe, Ni, Cu, and Ca and the K/Ca ratio. The harvest date significantly affected Fe, Cu, Sr, K and K/Ca. The canopy position affected Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ca, and K/Ca ratio, with a clear significant trend regarding the effect of canopy position only for Ca content (first and second year of the second harvest date) and K/Ca ratio (first year of both harvest dates). PCA analyses identified distinguishing features between apples, with differences defined specifically by AOP, TPC, TFC, Rb, Sr, Ca, and K/Ca on the PC 1 and Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn on PC 2.

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Influence of Orientation and Position of Fruiting Laterals on Canopy Light Penetration, Yield, and Fruit Quality of ‘Granny Smith’ Apple

Cited by 66 publications

References 15 publications

Working smarter, not harder: silencingLAZY1inPrunus domesticacauses outward, wandering branch orientations with commercial and ornamental applications.

Working smarter, not harder: silencingLAZY1inPrunus domesticacauses outward, wandering branch orientations with commercial and ornamental applications.

Optimal tree architecture for high‐yield yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) management

The Effect of Canopy Position on the Fruit Quality Parameters and Contents of Bioactive Compounds and Minerals in ‘Braeburn’ Apples

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