Influence of obesity on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in the early teens

Kudo, Umi; Takahashi, Ippei; Matsuzaka, Masashi; Umeda, Takashi; Kitagawa, Naoko; Kudo, Hisashi; Chiba, Yoshinobu; Sasaki, Eiji; Nishimura, M; Nakaji, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2011.12.005

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…24 Longitudinal studies have also been successfully conducted in children and adolescents. 25,26 One additional important finding in our study is that reported current alcohol use, regardless of the quantity consumed, was associated with arterial stiffness. Interestingly, this was the only significant variable associated with PWV besides systolic blood pressure in the final multivariable regression model in the HIV-infected subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Arterial stiffness in HIV-infected youth and associations with HIV-related variables

et al. 2017

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Children and young adults infected with HIV are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, scarce data exist on the utility of non-invasive methods to diagnose subclinical CVD, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), a non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness. The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship of carotid-femoral PWV with subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), compare measurements to healthy controls, and evaluate variables associated with PWV in HIV-infected youth. One hundred and one 8-25 year-old subjects on stable antiretroviral therapy with low-level viremia or an undetectable HIV-1 RNA were enrolled, along with 86 healthy controls similar in age, sex and race. There was no significant difference in PWV between groups (median (Q1, Q3): 5.7 (5.2, 6.3) vs 5.7 (4.9, 6.5) m/s; P = 0.81). Among the HIV-infected subjects, PWV was positively correlated with both internal carotid artery (R = 0.31, P = 0.02) and carotid bulb IMT (R = 0.29, P = 0.01). In multivariable regression, only current alcohol consumption and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with PWV in the HIV-infected group (where current alcohol consumption and higher systolic blood pressure were associated with higher PWV); whereas, age, body mass index, and current marijuana use were associated with PWV in healthy controls. In this study of PWV in HIV-infected youth, measures of arterial stiffness were not different between subjects and controls. However, in HIV-infected youth, there was a significant association between PWV and carotid IMT, as well as between PWV and current alcohol consumption. Thus, PWV may have potential as a useful, non-invasive method to assess CVD risk in HIV-infected youth, but further investigation is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Arterial stiffness in HIV-infected youth and associations with HIV-related variables

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, we noted significant associations between BMI and BP, IMT, and PWV, consistent with previous reports. 43-45 Contrastingly, some studies have noted inverse associations between BMI and global-measures of artery stiffness among 10-18 year olds. Philip et al suggested that reduced stiffness among those with higher BMI may not have been indicative of health status, but rather that structural vascular adaptations (ie, greater vasodilation) accompany obesity and may temporarily reduce artery stiffness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…14 Obesity in early childhood, as commonly assessed using BMI, is used as a tool to identify high-risk individuals. Higher BMI in childhood is typically associated with the presence of more cardio-metabolic risk factors, 42 high BP/hypertension, 43 increased aortic stiffness 44 and target organ damage. 45 In the current study there was a trend for African-American children to have greater BMI compared with white children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences in Aortic Stiffness in Children

Lefferts

Augustine

Spartano

et al. 2017

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To investigate racial differences in central blood pressure and vascular structure/function as subclinical markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. Study design This cross-sectional study recruited 54 African-American children (18 female, 36 male; age 10.5 ± 0.9) and 54 white children (27 female, 26 male; age 10.8 ± 0.9) from the Syracuse City community as part of the Environmental Exposures and Child Health Outcomes (EECHO) study. Participants underwent blood lipid and vascular testing on two separate days. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and aortic stiffness were measured via ultrasonography and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed at the brachial artery and estimated in the carotid artery using applanation tonometry. Results African American children had significantly higher PWV (4.8 ± 0.8 m/s) compared with white children (4.2 ± 0.7 m/s; p<0.05) which remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables including socioeconomic status. African-American children had significantly higher IMT (African-American 0.41 ± 0.06, white 0.39 ± 0.05 mm), and carotid systolic BP (African-American 106 ± 11, white 102 ± 8 mmHg; p<0.05) compared with white children, although these racial differences were no longer present after covariate adjustments for height. Conclusions Racial differences in aortic stiffness are present in childhood. Our findings suggest that racial differences in subclinical CVD occur earlier than previously recognized.

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“… 28 This may be due to the fact that obesity paradox or the presence of several other cardiovascular risk factors. 29 , 30 At present, numerous studies have investigated the influencing factors associated with 10-year ASCVD risk, including waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and remnant cholesterol. 31 , 32 A recent study on the risk of coronary heart disease suggested that differences between people of different ethnicities may not be as pronounced as previously thought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Stiffness with 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk in a General Middle-Age and Elderly Population

Wang¹,

Wu²,

Gu³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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As a powerful indicator of arterial stiffening, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) has been extensively validated for predicting cardiovascular events. However, whether and how the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is correlated with the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between baPWV and 10-year ASCVD risk in Chinese population. Methods: A total of 1768 subjects were enrolled from Shanghai, China. They were divided into two groups according to the Pooled Cohorts Equations model made by ACC/AHA as follows: low ASCVD risk (n = 992, 10-year ASCVD risk <7.5%) and high ASCVD risk (n = 776, 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%). The baseline characteristics were obtained via the use of a questionnaire. Measurement of baPWV, laboratory tests, and echocardiography were conducted by trained physicians. The relationship between baPWV and 10-year ASCVD risk was evaluated using multiple logistic regression model and generalized additive model. Results:The mean age of the subjects was 58.89±8.60 years, 32.69% of which were male. Non-linear relationship analysis revealed threshold effects between baPWV and 10-year ASCVD risk in which a baPWV of approximately 16 m/s might be the threshold effect of 10year ASCVD risk. After multivariable adjustment, logistic-regression analysis demonstrated that ankle-brachial index (ABI) (OR 5.28,) and baPWV (OR 9.09, 95% CI 6.84-12.07) were independently correlated with 10-year ASCVD risk. The AUC for baPWV for predicting 10-year ASCVD risk was 0.80 (95% CI 0.78-0.82). Conclusion: Increased baPWV as an indicator of arterial stiffness correlates strongly with 10-year ASCVD risk in general middle-aged and elderly populations. The association between baPWV and 10-year ASCVD risk is not purely linear but non-linear. Subjects with baPWV above 16 m/s are more likely to encounter a higher 10-year ASCVD risk.

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Influence of obesity on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in the early teens

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Arterial stiffness in HIV-infected youth and associations with HIV-related variables

Arterial stiffness in HIV-infected youth and associations with HIV-related variables

Racial Differences in Aortic Stiffness in Children

Relationship of Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Stiffness with 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk in a General Middle-Age and Elderly Population

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