Influence of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution on Postprandial Lipemia and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Adult Women¹

Abstract

We know that upper body obesity is associated with metabolic complications, but we don't know how regional body fat distribution influences postprandial lipemia in obese adults. Thus, this study explored the respective effects of android or gynoid types of obesity and fasting triglyceridemia on postprandial lipid metabolism and especially triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Twenty-four obese and 6 lean normotriglyceridemic women (control), age 24-57 yr, were enrolled. Among obese women with an android phenotype, 9 exhibited normal plasma triglyceride levels (mean: 1.38 mmol/L) (NTAO), and 7 displayed a frank hypertriglyceridemia (mean: 2.40 mmol/L) (HTAO). The 8 patients with a gynoid phenotype had normal triglyceride levels (mean: 1.00 mmol/L) (GO). All were given a mixed test meal providing 40 g triglycerides. Serum and incremental chylomicron triglycerides 0-7 h areas under the curve (AUCs) as well as triglyceride levels in apoB-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRLs) or chylomicrons were significantly higher in HTAOs and NTAOs than in GOs and controls postprandially. The size of chylomicron particles was bigger in controls and GOs than in HTAOs and NTAOs postprandially. Android obese subjects showed abnormally elevated fasting apoB-48 and apoB-100 triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) levels. Most abnormalities that were found correlated to plasma levels of insulin and apoC-III. In conclusion, an abnormal postprandial lipid pattern is a trait of abdominal obesity even without fasting hypertriglyceridemia.

Body composition, but not insulin resistance, influences postprandial lipemia in patients with Turner's syndrome

“…Another important observation of our study was that total fat and android distribution of fat – which corresponds to centralized fat – correlated with the variation in triglyceride levels in the transdermal group, as described by Mekki et al in a study with adult women ( 29 ).…”

Vitamin A and D Absorption in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome versus Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study Utilizing Targeted and Untargeted LC–MS Lipidomics

“…[ 42 ] Further supporting this theory is the trend of increased ApoB‐48 concentrations in our MetS subjects relative to healthy controls, an observation also reported by others. [ 43–45 ] Higher concentrations of TRL retinyl palmitate could also be due to delayed chylomicron clearance [ 46 ] and/or increased chylomicron production [ 44 ] in MetS subjects. Indeed, the positive correlation of two SM species with retinyl palmitate concentrations further supports delayed chylomicron clearance, as increased chylomicron SM has been associated with decreased plasma lipid clearance.…”

Regulation of Postprandial Blood Metabolic Variables by TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers

“…We hypothesized that the physiological properties of TOCN are similar to those of soluble dietary fibers, which are known to escape hydrolysis in the small intestine and modulate key metabolic pathways in the postprandial state . It is known that high postprandial lipemia is associated with both increased morbidity, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and increased mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases. , Postprandial hyperglycemia has also recently been recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease not only among individuals with diabetes but also among the general population . Recent studies have shown that high-level postprandial glucose and insulin responses, resulting from carbohydrate-rich diets, are associated with undesirable lipid profiles, increased body fat, and the development of insulin resistance in animals and humans .…”

“…12 It is known that high postprandial lipemia is associated with both increased morbidity, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, and increased mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases. 13,14 Postprandial hyperglycemia has also recently been recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease not only among individuals with diabetes but also among the general population. 15 carbohydrate-rich diets, are associated with undesirable lipid profiles, 16 increased body fat, 17 and the development of insulin resistance in animals 18 and humans.…”