Influence of O2 enrichment in dry air on combustion temperature, contaminant production and sulfur recovery, in SRU reaction furnace

Abdoli, Pedram; Hosseini, Seyed Amin; Mujeebu, M. Abdul

doi:10.1007/s10010-017-0260-y

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Kazempour et al proposed a 12-step global kinetic model containing the reactions of H 2 S, CO 2 , CH 4 , COS, and NH 3 that was used for optimizing the inlet parameters to the Claus furnace to maximize sulfur recovery efficiency (SRE), while ensuring effective destruction of NH 3 . In another paper, Abdoli et al found that higher oxygen concentration in air could enhance NH 3 destruction and sulfur recovery, while decreasing the production of undesired sulfur compounds such as COS and CS 2 . Al Hamadi et al and Rahman et al demonstrated through SRU simulations using detailed reaction mechanism that different levels of oxygen enrichment (low to high), fuel gas co-firing, and feed preheating can be used to achieve furnace temperatures up to 1500 °C, which is suitable for effective NH 3 destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuel gas co-firing (the co-firing of acid gas with methane in the furnace) can increase the furnace temperature by up to 100 °C depending on the feed composition and flow rates. 25 However, the use of high amounts of fuel gas may necessitate an increase in the furnace size due to 28 found that higher oxygen concentration in air could enhance NH 3 destruction and sulfur recovery, while decreasing the production of undesired sulfur compounds such as COS and CS 2 . Al Hamadi et al 7 and Rahman et al 24 demonstrated through SRU simulations using detailed reaction mechanism that different levels of oxygen enrichment (low to high), fuel gas co-firing, and feed preheating can be used to achieve furnace temperatures up to 1500 °C, which is suitable for effective NH 3 destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Reaction Mechanism To Predict Ammonia Destruction in the Thermal Section of Sulfur Recovery Units

Ibrahim

Hamadi

Raj

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ammonia and aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are typically found in acid gas and sour water stripper gas in oil and gas processing plants and gasification facilities. This gas is often processed in sulfur recovery units (SRUs) to recover marketable sulfur and thermal energy. Ammonia must be completely oxidized at high temperatures in the furnace to prevent the plugging of catalytic reactors and the corrosion of downstream equipment in the SRU. In this paper, a detailed reaction mechanism is presented to capture the chemistry of ammonia destruction in the presence of several chemically active species of acid gas combustion in the thermal section of SRUs. The mechanism is validated with different sets of experimental data from lab-scale and industrial plant studies. The reaction mechanism is utilized to simulate the furnace and the waste heat boiler (WHB) of SRUs in CHEMKIN PRO software. Through the furnace and WHB simulations, the most suitable operating conditions of the furnace that could lead to an effective destruction of ammonia in the furnace is investigated, and the dominant reaction pathways involved in the oxidation process are identified. With increasing feed temperature and oxygen concentration in air, the ammonia concentration was found to decrease substantially down to an acceptable limit of <150 ppm at the exit of the thermal section of SRUs. The decrease in NH 3 occurred because of its enhanced oxidation by several oxidants (OH, SO, and O 2 ) at high temperatures above 1300 °C, though it also led to a decrease in sulfur recovery efficiency and an increase in CO production at the exit of the thermal section. This indicates the need for optimized furnace parameters that could lead to a reasonable trade-off between ammonia destruction and CO emissions from the SRU. The developed reaction mechanism provides a way to obtain optimized SRU parameters to achieve ammonia destruction, enhanced catalyst life, and reduced emission of harmful gases (CO and SO 2 ).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Reaction Mechanism To Predict Ammonia Destruction in the Thermal Section of Sulfur Recovery Units

Ibrahim

Hamadi

Raj

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…However, higher oxygen concentrations (>25%) increased the production of CO and COS, but the production of CS 2 decreased. Using an acid gas feed consisting of 69% H 2 S, Abdoli et al 21 evaluated the effect of oxygen enrichment on sulfur production and contaminant destruction in the Claus furnace. They used data from an industrial plant and a six-step global reaction model for the Claus furnace to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with due consideration to the turbulence, combustion, and radiation effects in the Claus furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oxygen Enrichment on Natural Gas Consumption and Emissions of Toxic Gases (CO, Aromatics, and SO₂) in the Claus Process

Hamadi

Ibrahim

Raj

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The contaminants of acid gas feed to the Claus process plants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) increase the operational cost through catalyst deactivation and high fuel gas consumption and impact the sulfur recovery efficiency and the emission of toxic gases (such as CO and SO 2 ). In this study, a detailed and validated reaction mechanism for Claus feed combustion is utilized to simulate the Claus process plant by integrating Chemkin Pro and Aspen HYSYS software. The effect of oxygen enrichment of air on sulfur recovery, BTEX destruction, toxic gas emissions, and fuel gas consumption is studied. Upon increasing the oxygen concentration in air, BTEX concentration decreased substantially due to their enhanced oxidation by SO 2 and O 2 . An increase in oxygen concentration resulted in (a) increased SO 2 emission and decreased CO 2 emission from the incinerator, and (b) decreased fuel gas consumption in the incinerator. Interestingly, CO emission increased with increase in oxygen concentration in air as the furnace temperature increased up to 1350 °C, but it decreased with the further increase in the furnace temperature at higher oxygen concentrations. The reaction path analysis is presented to understand this decrease in CO emissions at high oxygen concentrations. The results demonstrate that a high oxygen concentration in air can be utilized to decrease fuel gas consumption and CO and CO 2 emissions in the Claus process. The oxygen concentration, required to minimize the emission of aromatics, SO 2 , CO, and CO 2 , was dependent on the feed composition, and the developed reaction mechanism can assist in optimizing the oxygen enrichment level required for a given feed in a Claus process plant.

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Effect of Preheating Inlet Air and Acid Gas on the Performance of Sulfur Recovery Unit—CFD Simulation and Validation

Abdoli

Hosseini

Mujeebu

2019

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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Influence of O2 enrichment in dry air on combustion temperature, contaminant production and sulfur recovery, in SRU reaction furnace

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Detailed Reaction Mechanism To Predict Ammonia Destruction in the Thermal Section of Sulfur Recovery Units

Detailed Reaction Mechanism To Predict Ammonia Destruction in the Thermal Section of Sulfur Recovery Units

Effects of Oxygen Enrichment on Natural Gas Consumption and Emissions of Toxic Gases (CO, Aromatics, and SO₂) in the Claus Process

Effect of Preheating Inlet Air and Acid Gas on the Performance of Sulfur Recovery Unit—CFD Simulation and Validation

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Influence of O2 enrichment in dry air on combustion temperature, contaminant production and sulfur recovery, in SRU reaction furnace

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Detailed Reaction Mechanism To Predict Ammonia Destruction in the Thermal Section of Sulfur Recovery Units

Detailed Reaction Mechanism To Predict Ammonia Destruction in the Thermal Section of Sulfur Recovery Units

Effects of Oxygen Enrichment on Natural Gas Consumption and Emissions of Toxic Gases (CO, Aromatics, and SO2) in the Claus Process

Effect of Preheating Inlet Air and Acid Gas on the Performance of Sulfur Recovery Unit—CFD Simulation and Validation

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Effects of Oxygen Enrichment on Natural Gas Consumption and Emissions of Toxic Gases (CO, Aromatics, and SO₂) in the Claus Process