Influence of nitrogen application rate and timing on grain protein composition and gluten strength in Swedish wheat cultivars

Abstract

The influence of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate (0 vs. 70 vs. 140 kg N ha–1) and timing (early = at sowing vs. late = at sowing and before heading) on the amount of protein groups, amount and size distribution of mono‐ and polymeric proteins, and gluten strength was investigated in one set of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Due to their genetic background, the cultivars had different protein concentrations and gluten strengths. Despite this, all of them reacted similarly on rate and timing of nitrogen application. The rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased the variation in protein concentration, gluten strength, and also the variation in most of the investigated protein components. Higher nitrogen fertilizer rate increased protein concentration, decreased gluten strength, and increased the total amount of glutenins and gliadins as well as the amounts of most mono‐ and polymeric proteins. Timing of fertilizer did not influence protein concentration. The gluten strength and the relations of proteins were changed by the timing of fertilizer. Early nitrogen feritilizer applications led to higher gluten strength and a higher percentage of total unextractable polymeric protein in the total polymeric protein and large unextractable polymeric protein in the total large polymeric protein, compared to late nitrogen fertilizer applications.

Winter Wheat Quality Responses to Water, Environment, and Nitrogen Fertilization

“…Others (Gupta, Batey, and MacRitchie 1992;Jia et al 1996;Johansson, Prieto-Linde, and Svensson 2004;Triboi et al 2000) have produced similar and different results. For example, Johansson, Prieto-Linde, and Svensson (2004) reported% Glu increased with N application, while Triboi et al (2000) reported that N increased the Gli/Glu ratio. Differences between the studies may be related to the impact of N on the length of the grain-filling period and water and N stress.…”

“…Contrasts between the 2 years were attributed to (1) greater N mineralization rates in the first year than the second year of study and (2) water enhancing the uptake of soil and fertilizer N in the first year of study (Kharel et al 2011). Others (Gupta, Batey, and MacRitchie 1992;Jia et al 1996;Johansson, Prieto-Linde, and Svensson 2004;Triboi et al 2000) have produced similar and different results. For example, Johansson, Prieto-Linde, and Svensson (2004) reported% Glu increased with N application, while Triboi et al (2000) reported that N increased the Gli/Glu ratio.…”

“…Conditions that shorten the grain-filling periods directly impact the types and amount of proteins transported to the kernel. For example, gliadin accumulates earlier in grain filling than glutenin (Gupta et al 1996;Zhao et al 2009), and therefore environmental conditions, such as temperature, nutrient deficiencies, and water stress, that shorten the grain-filling period tend to increase the relative concentration of gliadins (%Gli) and decrease the relative concentration of glutenin (%Glu) in the kernel (Johansson, Prieto-Linde, and Svensson 2004). Gliadins are a mixture of monomeric polypeptides that contribute to dough viscosity and extensibility (Payne 1987;Payne et al 1982), while glutenins form large polymeric structures that impact dough strength and elasticity.…”

Effect of foliar application of Cu, Zn, and Mn on yield and quality indicators of winter wheat grain

“…According to Konopka et al (2007a), the gliadin:glutenin ratio in common wheat should be close to 1:1. Its increase or decrease is a sign of deterioration of the functional properties of the hydrated gluten complex (Johansson et al, 2004). The aim of this study was to determine the yield, content of minerals (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) and proteins, as well as their composition, and selected technological parameters of the winter wheat grain fertilized by foliar micronutrient application.…”

Effect of Irrigation Levels and Nitrogen Fertilizer Splitting on the Produc-tivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Two Bread Wheat Cultivars

“…So, increasing wheat production in order to reduce the gap between production and consumption are the strategic aim. High grain yield and good bread-making quality of wheat are opposite criteria and are influenced by the environmental conditions as well as by the irrigation, variety, N-fertilization, and the interactions between these factors (Rao et al, 1993, Johansson et al, 2004and Erekul et al, 2012.Water stress is the most important limitation to wheat productivity in semiarid regions of the world. Therefore, the development of the wheat cultivars that use available water more efficiently and that are able to tolerate drought is a major goal for increasing productivity in drought prone environments.…”