Influence of Nitrogen and Sulfur Doping of Carbon Xerogels on the Performance and Stability of Counter Electrodes in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Alegre, Cinthia; Sebastián, David; Lázaro, M.J.; Girolamo, M.; Aricò, A.S.; Baglio, V.

doi:10.3390/catal12030264

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…%) 33 . These peaks agree with those reported in the literature for the S 2p 3/2 binding energy of organic S compounds 33,34 . Figure 6(c) shows that C 1s exhibits three peaks by curve‐fitting of the C 1s spectrum.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…XPS was used to qualitatively analyze the functional groups on the surface of the prepared MBCT. 33,34 The high-resolution XPS data of S 2p, C 1s, and O 1s were deconvoluted to study the bonding states between S, C and O. Figure 6 33 These peaks agree with those reported in the literature for the S 2p 3/2 binding energy of organic S compounds.…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycom/jctbsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…XPS was used to qualitatively analyze the functional groups on the surface of the prepared MBCT 33,34 . The high‐resolution XPS data of S 2p, C 1s, and O 1s were deconvoluted to study the bonding states between S, C and O.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6 33 These peaks agree with those reported in the literature for the S 2p 3/2 binding energy of organic S compounds. 33,34 [35][36][37][38][39] The N 1s XPS spectra of MBCT could be deconvoluted into two types of N-containing compounds, and the results are represented in Fig. 6(d).…”

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycom/jctbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar‐C‐TETA as a superior adsorbent to acid yellow 17 dye from water: isothermal and kinetic studies

Eleryan

Hassaan

Aigbe

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Adsorbents from local materials with high adsorption capacity (Qm) are strongly needed. In this study, mandarin peels (MP) as a local waste material were refluxed in 80% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce a novel biochar, which was oxidized by boiling in 50% hydrogen perioxide (H2O2) and then aminated via refluxing in tetraacetic acid (TETA) to produce mandarin biochar‐C‐TETA (MBCT). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermgravimetric analysis (TGA) studied various characterizations of MBCT. The optimal pH for AY17 dye absorption was discovered to be 1.5 using 0.75 g L−1 MBCT, the maximum absorption capacity predicted for the MBCT was 1250 mg g−1. The high new absorption peaks at 1439.89 and 1362.38 cm−1 in MBCT imply that amino groups were successfully generated onto the surface of MBCT due to TETA treatment. The experimental data were examined using the Langmuir (LNR) and Freundlich (FRH) isotherm models. The FRH best explained the experimental MBCT data. The pseudo‐first‐order (PFOM) and pseudo‐second‐order (PSOM) models, intraparticle diffusion (INDM) and film diffusion (FDM) models were applied to calculate the kinetic data. The PFOM rate model ideally defined the absorption of AY17 dye to MBCT with a linear regression coefficient (R2 > 0.99). The key mechanism for absorbing AY17 dye molecules to MBCT was chemisorption, which entails the distribution or exchange of electrons between the absorbent and the dye due to the valency force. According to the findings, the novel MBCT adsorbent had a remarkable adsorption capacity (Qm = 1250 mg g−1) and could be reused without losing its absorption effectiveness. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycom/jctbsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycom/jctbmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biochar‐C‐TETA as a superior adsorbent to acid yellow 17 dye from water: isothermal and kinetic studies

Eleryan

Hassaan

Aigbe

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…In this work, a sol-gel approach has been applied for the synthesis of carbon xerogels (CXG) at different pH values. This method is based on the polycondensation of formaldehyde (F) and resorcinol (R) [ 45 , 46 ]. The reaction was performed in an aqueous medium with the use of NaOH as a base agent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Porous Carbon Xerogels for Fe-N-C Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Álvarez-Manuel,

Alegre,

Sebastián

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been synthesized with a template-free method using carbon xerogels (CXG) as a porous matrix. The porosity of the CXGs is easily tunable through slight variations in the synthesis procedure. In this work, CXGs are prepared by formaldehyde and resorcinol polymerization, modifying the pH during the process. Materials with a broad range of porous structures are obtained: from non-porous to micro-/meso-/macroporous materials. The porous properties of CXG have a direct effect on Fe-N-CXG activity against ORR in an acidic medium (0.5 M H2SO4). Macropores and wide mesopores are vital to favor the mass transport of reagents to the active sites available in the micropores, while narrower mesopores can generate additional tortuosity. The role of microporosity is investigated by comparing two Fe-N-C catalysts using the same CXG as the matrix but following a different Fe and N doping procedure. In one case, the carbonization of CXG occurs rapidly and simultaneously with Fe and N doping, whereas in the other case it proceeds slowly, under controlled conditions and before the doping process, resulting in the formation of more micropores and active sites and achieving higher activity in a three-electrode cell and a better durability during fuel cell measurements. This work proves the feasibility of the template-free method using CXG as a carbon matrix for Fe-N-C catalysts, with the novelty of the controlled porous properties of the carbon material and its effect on the catalytic activity of the Fe-N-C catalyst. Moreover, the results obtained highlight the importance of the carbon matrix’s porous structure in influencing the activity of Fe-N-C catalysts against ORR.

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Fabrication of Pea pods biochar-NH2 (PBN) for the adsorption of toxic Cr6+ ion from aqueous solution

El-Nemr,

Yılmaz,

Ragab

et al. 2023

Appl Water Sci

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Chromium (Cr) ion is regarded as a particularly hazardous contaminant due to its high toxicity and potential carcinogens. The Cr6+ ions were removed in the current work using a new fabricated low-cost adsorbent called Pea pods biochar-NH2 (PBN). PBN was characterized using BET, BJH, SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, XPS and EDX. The surface area and the pore size of PBN were decreased due to the amination process on the pea pods’ biochar-H2O2 (PBO). Optimized condition of different parameters of Cr6+ ions adsorption by PBN was observed at the pH 1.5, contact time (180 min), starting concentration (100 mg/L), and 0.1 g of PBN. The maximal adsorption capacity (Qm) of PBN is 384.62 mg/g. Different error models were used to test the isotherm models’ results. The mechanism of the adsorption was proposed based on the XPS analysis. The adsorption process had an R2 value of 0.999 as the best fit with the Freundlich isotherm (FIM) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSOM) models. These obtained data explored that the generated PBN can be a novel, cost-effective material for the adsorption of Cr6+ ions from an aqueous solution.

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Influence of Nitrogen and Sulfur Doping of Carbon Xerogels on the Performance and Stability of Counter Electrodes in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Biochar‐C‐TETA as a superior adsorbent to acid yellow 17 dye from water: isothermal and kinetic studies

Biochar‐C‐TETA as a superior adsorbent to acid yellow 17 dye from water: isothermal and kinetic studies

Tailored Porous Carbon Xerogels for Fe-N-C Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Fabrication of Pea pods biochar-NH2 (PBN) for the adsorption of toxic Cr6+ ion from aqueous solution

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