Influence of nitrogen and potassium on growth, chemical composition and anatomical structure of Agrostis palustris Huds.

Markland, Flave Eugene

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-3774

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Increase in turfgrass growth by N application was also reported by Bell and DeFrance (1944), Markland and Roberts (1969), Markland (1967), and Powell and McKee (1965). Razmjoo and Kaneko (1992), however, observed an increase in growth of perennial ryegrass when they used pots, whereas this experiment was under field conditions where a relatively low applied-K rate was sufficient since they found no increase in growth for rates greater than 350 kg K/ha.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Razmjoo

Kaneko

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium prenne L.) has been introduced to Japan as a cool season turfgrass. In spite of relatively mild winter in most parts of the country, it still goes to winter dormancy. A well-balanced fertility ratio and rate may prevent such dormancy without causing winter injury. Therefore, this experiment was designed to find a balanced rate and ratio among nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) fertilizers in order to prevent winter dormancy and promote growth during the winter in Japan. Yorktown 2 perennial ryegrass was used in this experiment. Nitrogen and K application rates were 50,150,250, 350, 450, 550, and 650 kg K/ha; whereas P rates were 50, 150, and 250 kg P/ha. These rates were applied in 30 different ratios. Growth, color, and density of the turf were estimated and used as the parameters for finding a suitable rate and ratio for these three major nutrients. Color, density, and growth were increased as the rate of N fertilizer increased, but there was no visual response to P or K rates. It is suggested that increases in color, density, and growth were function of N rates, whereas K and P rates maintained the cold hardiness of the turf when high N rates were applied under the conditions of this experiment. Fertility ratio and the rates of 450 kg N/ha, 250 kg K/ha, and 50 kg P/ha were sufficient to prevent dormancy, promote growth, and produce good quality turf throughout the winter. Thus, it is concluded that fertility ratios and rates are the main factors limiting growth and quality of perennial ryegrass in transitional zones similar to Japan.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Razmjoo

Kaneko

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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“…Potassium, like N, is reported to effect crown hydration and, as a result, winter hardiness. Markland and Roberts (1967) found that tissue hydration levels decreased with increasing amounts of K. Hurto and Troll (1980) evaluated low temperature hardiness of 'Manhattan' perennial ryegrass using sand culture. They reported an inverse relationship between winter kill and water-soluble carbohydrate content and a positive correlation between winter kill and tissue K levels with maximum tiller survival provided by a 2 to 1 (N to K) ratio.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Perennial Ryegrass Cold Tolerance During Deacclimation in Late Winter and Early Spring

Webster¹,

Ebdon²

2005

HortSci

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Turf loss from freezing injury results in costly re-establishment, especially with turfgrasses such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) having poor low-temperature hardiness. Studies are limited as to the influence of N and K on cold tolerance during dehardening periods in late winter when grasses are most susceptible to freezing injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate perennial ryegrass low temperature hardiness during deacclimation in response to N and K and associated effects on crown hydration, median killing temperature (LT50), shoot growth rate, tissue K concentration, soil exchangeable K, and low temperature disease. Treatments included five rate levels of N (49, 147, 245, 343, and 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1) in all factorial combinations with 3 rate levels of K (49, 245, and 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1). Low temperature tolerance was assessed using whole plant survival and electrolyte leakage (EL). Interactions between N and K were detected for all field measurements. The effects of N and K on survival LT50 were detected only during late winter periods in February 2004, N and K differences were lost by March. Late winter cold survival was negatively correlated with crown moisture, growth rate, and tissue K. Tissue K concentrations ranged from 28.6 to 35.9 g·kg–1 DM while soil K ranged from 121 to 261 mg·kg–1. Soil extractable K was not correlated with tissue K. Survival and EL LT50 were uncorrelated due to N and K interaction. Survival LT50 ranged from –9.0 to –13.6 °C. Maximum cold hardiness occurred when low to moderate N (49 to 147 kg·ha-1·yr-1) was applied with medium-high to high levels of K (245 to 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1), which corresponded to soil exchangeable K levels ranging from 200 to 260 mg·kg–1. Alternatively, similar K fertilization and soil K levels combined with high rates of N (343 and 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1) increased freeze stress and low temperature fungi (Typhula incarnata). At N rates routinely applied to perennial ryegrass, higher soil extractable K beyond those levels currently recommended for optimum shoot growth could provide some benefit in enhancing cold hardiness. Late fall applied N did not appear to increase the potential for winter injury.

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Influence of nitrogen and potassium on growth, chemical composition and anatomical structure of Agrostis palustris Huds.

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Perennial Ryegrass Cold Tolerance During Deacclimation in Late Winter and Early Spring

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