Influence of night humidity on the distribution of calcium and sap flow in tomato plants

Choi, Jong-il; Chung, Gap Chae; Lee, Seong Hee

doi:10.1080/01904169909365626

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Under low transpiration it can be assumed that xylem sap was entering the leaf at a lower rate with an altered Ca 2+ concentration, driven by root pressure. Increasing humidity during the night increased the sap flow in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ), but reduced the distribution of calcium from root to shoot ( Choi et al , 1999 ). However, in this study, it is more likely that the delivery rate of calcium to the leaf was so reduced that the amount of calcium in the leaf did not exceed the threshold required to set up the spatial variation measured previously ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of calcium in the centre of leaves of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is due to an uncoupling of water and ion transport

Kerton

Newbury

Hand

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The aim of this study is to understand the parameters regulating calcium ion distribution in leaves. Accumulation of ions in leaf tissue is in part dependent on import from the xylem. This import via the transpiration stream is more important for ions such as calcium that are xylem but not phloem mobile and cannot therefore be retranslocated. Accumulation of calcium was measured on bulk coriander leaf tissue (Coriandrum sativum L. cv. Lemon) using ion chromatography and calcium uptake was visualized using phosphor-images of 45Ca2+. Leaves of plants grown in hydroponics had elevated calcium in the centre of the leaf compared with the leaf margin, while K+ was distributed homogeneously over the leaf. This calcium was shown to be localised to the mesophyll vacuoles using EDAX. Stomatal density and evapotranspiration (water loss per unit area of leaf) were equal at inner and outer sections of the leaf. Unequal ion distribution but uniformity of water loss suggested that there was a difference in the extent of uncoupling of calcium and water transport between the inner and outer leaf. Since isolated tissue from the inner and outer leaf were able to accumulate similar amounts of calcium, it is proposed that the spatial variation of leaf calcium concentration is due to differential ion delivery to the two regions rather than tissue/cell-specific differences in ion uptake capacity. There was a positive correlation between whole leaf calcium concentration and the difference in calcium concentration between inner and outer leaf tissue. Exposing the plants to increased humidity reduced transpiration and calcium delivery to the leaf and abolished this spatial variation of calcium concentration. Mechanisms of calcium delivery to leaves are discussed. An understanding of calcium delivery and distribution within coriander will inform strategies to reduce the incidence of calcium-related syndromes such as tip-burn and provides a robust model for the transport of ions and other substances in the leaf xylem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of calcium in the centre of leaves of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is due to an uncoupling of water and ion transport

Kerton

Newbury

Hand

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…Recently, we have shown that the establishment of a water potential gradient when low root temperature was imposed would be essential. By measuring transpiration, i.e., xylem sap flow through the main stem, as has been done by Choi et al, [7] it may be possible to find out the extent of resistance conferred by radial water transport in the root system. [2] It is also interesting to note that nutrient stresses arising from the shortage of nitrogen or phosphorus in the growing medium result in reduced root hydraulic conductance, a phenomena that is commonly associated with water stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Deprivation Affects Xylem Sap Flow and Water Channel Function in Tomato Plants

Lee

Chung

Cho

et al. 2002

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Heat-balance sap-flow gauge was used to measure xylem sap flow through the main stem of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Young-Kwang) plants grown under nitrogen-or phosphorus-deficient nutrient solutions for nine days. Nitrogen deficient plants transported less sap than phosphorus deficient plants. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen deficiency on xylem sap flow was rapid, appearing within one day of treatment. Addition of mercury to nutrient solution induced immediate and drastic reduction in sap flow of both control and nutrient deprived plants. Subsequent use of dithiothreitol (DTT), however, did not recover sap flow in nutrient deprived plants. This suggests that the alteration in the characteristics of water channel was due to nutrient deficiencies.

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“…Calcium deficiency was attributed to high relative humidity (greenhouse humidity not documented) slowing water transpiration thereby reducing mass flow of nutrients into plant roots (Choi et al, 1999). Calcium fertilizer was applied both through irrigation water and by foliar application.…”

Section: Cultural Practices and Limitations To Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strawberry Growth, Yield, Fruit Nutrition, and Control of Verticillium Wilt With Pre-Plant Soil Fumigants, Ozone, and Biological Control

Scurich

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Strawberry growth, yield, fruit nutrition, and control of Verticillium wilt with pre-plant soil fumigants, ozone, and biological control Justin J. Scurich Verticillium wilt is a widespread soilborne disease of strawberry historically controlled by soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). MB was banned by the United Nations in 1995 and will be completely phased out by 2015. Research has concentrated on alternative methods of disease control without finding a single alternative able to replace MB in widespread disease control and yield increase. For the current study, strawberries were greenhouse grown in container pots filled with soil from both infested and noninfested areas of a commercial strawberry field in Watsonville, CA. Treatments included pre-plant soil fumigation with commercially available formulations of methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and 1, 3-Dichloropropene. Additional treatments included ozone gas (six treatments) and biological control (three treatments). Collected data included total plant yield, individual berry weight, number of fruit produced per plant, plant vegetative weight, infection status, and mineral concentration of fruit (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, carbon, and nitrogen). Plants grown in 'clean' soil were less likely than plants grown in 'infested' soil to be infected with Verticillium. Plants grown in soil treated with MB had higher plant weight and yield than did nontreated control. Ozone and biological control treatments did not have statistically higher yield than non-treated control plants nor statistically lower yield than plants grown in soil treated with MB. Individual berry weights had a narrow range while the number of berries produced per treatment had a wide range. Data suggests strawberry yield is dependent on the number of berries produced per plant. Plants with high vegetative weight produced the highest yield suggesting large plants produce many berries resulting in higher yield.

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Influence of night humidity on the distribution of calcium and sap flow in tomato plants

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Accumulation of calcium in the centre of leaves of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is due to an uncoupling of water and ion transport

Accumulation of calcium in the centre of leaves of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is due to an uncoupling of water and ion transport

Nutrient Deprivation Affects Xylem Sap Flow and Water Channel Function in Tomato Plants

Strawberry Growth, Yield, Fruit Nutrition, and Control of Verticillium Wilt With Pre-Plant Soil Fumigants, Ozone, and Biological Control

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