Influence of Neonatal Sex on Breast Milk Protein and Antioxidant Content in Spanish Women in the First Month of Lactation

Ramiro-Cortijo, David; Gila-Díaz, Andrea; Carrillo, Gloria Herranz; Cañas, Silvia; Gil-Ramírez, Alicia; Ruvira, Santiago; Martín‐Cabrejas, Maria A.; Arribas, Silvia M.

doi:10.3390/antiox11081472

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…We found an influence of sex on BM antioxidants, with higher levels in males. This may be related to the higher BM GSH levels previously found in male infants, since GSH is one of the most relevant antioxidants in BM [36]. We did not find a relationship between specific cytokines and oxidative status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The total antioxidant capacity of the samples was assessed by the 2,20-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cations (ABTS •+ ) method, as previously reported [36]. Absorbance was measured at 734 nm in a plate reader (Cytation 5; BioTek; Winooski, VT, USA).…”

Section: Breast Milk Oxidative Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid peroxidation was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-trans-2nonenal (HNE) level analysis by a kit (Lipid Peroxidation Assay kit KB-03-002, Bioquochem, Gijon, Spain) according to the manufacturer's instructions, as previously reported [36]. Absorbance was measured at 586 nm in a plate reader (Synergy HT Multimode; BioTek; Winooski, VT, USA).…”

Section: Breast Milk Oxidative Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

et al. 2023

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Breast milk (BM) cytokines support and modulate infant immunity, being particularly relevant in premature neonates with adverse outcomes (NAO). This study aimed to examine, in a cohort of Spanish breastfeeding women, changes in BM cytokines in the first month of lactation, their modulation by neonatal factors (sex, gestational age, and NAO), maternal factors (obstetric complications, C-section, and diet), and their relationship with oxidative status. Sixty-three mother-neonate dyads were studied at days 7 and 28 of lactation. Dietary habits were assessed by a 72-h dietary recall, and the maternal dietary inflammatory index (mDII) was calculated. BM cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα) were assessed by ultra-sensitive chemiluminescence. Total antioxidant capacity was assessed by the ABTS method and lipid peroxidation by the MDA+HNE kit. From days 7 to 28 of lactation, the levels of IL-10 and TNFα remained stable, while IL-13 increased (β = 0.85 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and IL-8 and MCP-1 levels decreased (β = −0.64 ± 0.27, p = 0.019; β = −0.98 ± 0.22, p < 0.001; respectively). Antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation also decrease during lactation. Neonatal sex did not influence any of the cytokines, but BM from mothers with male infants had a higher antioxidant capacity. Gestational age was associated with male sex and NAO, being inversely correlated with the BM proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα. From days 7 to 28 of lactation, BM from women with NAO infants increased MCP-1 levels and had a larger drop in antioxidant capacity, with the opposite trend in lipid peroxidation. MCP-1 was also significantly higher in women undergoing C-section; this cytokine declined in women who decreased mDII during lactation, while IL-10 increased. Linear mixed regression models evidenced that the most important factors modulating BM cytokines were lactation period and gestational age. In conclusion, during the first month of lactation, BM cytokines shift towards an anti-inflammatory profile, influenced mainly by prematurity. BM MCP-1 is associated with maternal and neonatal inflammatory processes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Breast Milk Oxidative Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breast Milk Oxidative Status Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

et al. 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dermoscopic features of vulvar LCH might be attributed to the fact that the vulvar is an interfriction site. The difference of dermoscopic features of LCH at different ages might be attributed to the difference of the immune profiles between neonate and infants and children, there were more maternal immune components in neonate 20. Given that the rarity of VLCH and NLCH and severe complication caused by them, we should think highly of the diversity of clinical, RCM, and dermoscopic features of VLCH and NLCH.In conclusion, the clinical and dermoscopic features of LCH were diverse, the RCM features of LCH were common.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy finding of different anatomic sites of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Zhang,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Skin Research and Technology

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BackgroundRecognizing Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) might be a challenge due to its rarity. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy were emergent promising non‐invasive technique as auxiliary tools in diagnosis of different skin conditions. However, the RCM and dermoscopic features of LCH had been less investigated. To reveal the common RCM and dermoscopic features of LCH.Materials and methodsForty cases of LCH were retrospectively analyzed according to age, locations, clinical, RCM, and dermoscopic features from September 2016 to December 2022. To reveal the differences and common in clinical, RCM, and dermoscopic features that occur in different anatomic location.ResultsIn the study, sites of predilection include the trunk 31/40 (77.5%), extremity 21/40 (52.5%), face 14/40 (35%), scalp 11/40 (27.5%), vulvar 4/40 (10%), and nail 2/40 (5%). All LCHs had the common RCM features. There were significant differences in clinical and dermoscopic features for age and lesion anatomic site. The common dermoscopic features for scalp, face, trunk, and extremity were the erythematous scaly rash, purplish‐red globules or patches, scar‐like streaks with ectatic vessels. While the features for nail LCH were purpuric striae, onycholysis and purulent scaly rash, and the erosive erythematous plaque and purulent scaly rash for vulvar LCH. The common RCM features of all LCH showed a focal highly reflective dense image in the surface keratin layer, epidermis architectural disarray, obscuration of dermo‐epidermal junction, numerous polygonal, large, medium reflective, short dendrites cells in the epidermis, and dermis. All LCH involving the vulvar and nail did not manifest skin lesions.ConclusionRCM and dermoscopy showed promising value for diagnosis and differentiation of LCH.

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The Gestational Pathologies Effect on the Human Milk Redox Homeostasis: A First Step towards Its Definition

Peila,

Riboldi,

Spada

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Background. Human Milk (HM) is a dynamic nourishment; its composition is influenced by several conditions such as gestational age, maternal diet and ethnicity. It appears important to evaluate the impact that gestational pathologies have on HM components and if their presence, as a source of oxidative stress in the mother, influence milk’s redox homeostasis. To assess the effect of Preeclampsia (PE) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on some aspects of human milk redox homeostasis, we chose to investigate both oxidative and antioxidant aspects, with, respectively, Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) and Glutathione (GSH). Methods. Women with PE, GDM and who were healthy were recruited for this study. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected. GSH and LOOHs levels were measured using a spectrophotometric test. To investigate the effect of pathology on redox homeostasis, a mixed linear model with unistructural covariance structure was performed. Results. A total of 120 mothers were recruited. The GSH concentration results were significantly lower in GDM women than in healthy women only in colostrum (p < 0.01). No other differences emerged. LOOHs was not detectable in almost all the samples. Discussion. Our study is the first to extensively evaluate these components in the HM of women with these gestational pathologies. The main observation is that GDM can alter the GSH level of HM, mainly in colostrum.

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Influence of Neonatal Sex on Breast Milk Protein and Antioxidant Content in Spanish Women in the First Month of Lactation

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

Maternal and Neonatal Factors Modulating Breast Milk Cytokines in the First Month of Lactation

Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy finding of different anatomic sites of Langerhans cell histiocytosis

The Gestational Pathologies Effect on the Human Milk Redox Homeostasis: A First Step towards Its Definition

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