Influence of nacre deposition rate on cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera using farmed donor families

Blay, Carole; Sham-Koua, Manaarii; Vonau, Vincent; Tetumu, Roger; Cabral, Philippe; Ky, Chin‐Long

doi:10.1007/s10499-013-9719-5

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The surface quality is judged by looking at diverse imperfections such as dimples, bumps, stripes, curls, grooves, organic deposits, swellings, growths and milky, discoloured spots. The lustre (or shine) refers to the more‐or‐less perfect reflection of light from the surface of the pearl (Blay, Sham‐Koua, Vonau, Tetumu, Cabral & Ky ). Colour is generally linked to pearl value for P. margaritifera in the Asian market: the darker it is, the more valuable the pearl is.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependence of cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oysterPinctada margaritifera

Demmer

Blay

et al. 2015

Aquac Res

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Pinctada margaritifera is an economically important marine bivalve species for cultured pearl production in French Polynesian aquaculture. In order to evaluate the influence of donor oyster age on pearl quality traits, experiments were conducted over 6 years using both grafts and surgreffe operations. At harvest, six pearl quality traits were recorded and compared: surface defects, lustre, grade, darkness level and visual colour. Analysing the quality traits of pearls harvested in the initial graft process and those of pearls obtained from surgreffe experiments allowed a comparison of the influence of pearl sac cells originating from the initial mantle graft, which aged together with their recipient oysters. The results demonstrated a significant decrease between these successive grafts in lustre, grade (A-B-C), darkness level, and green colour -traits that are of major importance in the pearl market. The duplicated graft experiment allowed the comparison of donor oyster families at 2 and 5 years old, where a mantle graft was inserted into recipient oysters aged 2.5 years. The results showed the same tendencies to a lesser extent, with (i) an improved pearl grade, predominantly through a most important rate of 0 surface defect category, and (ii) a green/grey ratio in favour of the younger donor. A comparison between the graft-surgreffe and the duplicated graft experiments also highlighted: (i) the indirect role played by the younger recipient oysters, which must be optimized for optimal pearl quality realization, and (ii) the complex interplay between the donor and recipient oysters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependence of cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oysterPinctada margaritifera

Demmer

Blay

et al. 2015

Aquac Res

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“…This result confirms the significant genetic role that the implanted mantle graft plays in the formation of a cultured pearl. Given the differences in nacreous deposition among the wild donors in the present study, indicated by the NI and I groups, and those shown among hatchery‐produced donor families in previous studies (Ky, Blay et al., ), there may be advantages to the industry of using donor pearl oysters that exhibit rapid nacreous deposition (Blay et al., ) because of the importance of size for the value of a cultured pearl. Nevertheless, correlations between pearl size and any other pearl quality trait must also be considered to prevent any non‐target coselection of less desirable traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Donor effect on cultured pearl nacre development and shell matrix gene expression inPinctada margaritiferareared in different field sites

Broustal

Koua

et al. 2018

Aquac Res

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Understanding the respective roles played by donor and recipient pearl oysters in pearl quality determination in relation to the environment is a challenge for the pearl industry. In most Pinctada species, pearl size is mainly related to recipient oyster growth performance but also relies to some extent on the biomineralisation activity of the pearl sac, a tissue that originates from the donor oyster mantle. We examined donor effect on pearl size in response to culture in the lagoons on Arutua and Apataki atolls. Overall, nacre weight and thickness were greater in Arutua than in Apataki, but sensitivity to the environment differed between donors. Some donors were associated with significantly heavier and thicker nacre in Arutua (I group), while others had similar results at the two sites (NI group). On average, up to 20% of the pearl size could be attributed to the donor but, in group I, donor effect was responsible for up to 36% of nacre weight determination. Additionally, a real‐time PCR expression study of eight matrix protein genes related to biomineralisation in the pearl sac showed that MSI60, pearlin and pif177 were significantly and positively correlated with nacre weight and thickness, with the latter two genes explaining the larger pearl size observed in Arutua. Donor oysters in P. margaritifera therefore play a key role in pearl size improvement, related to the role of the shell matrix protein genes. Understanding such contributions could help in the design of genetic selection plans for specific and adapted donor oyster lines.

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“…Nacre thickness is a key indicator of pearl quality (Blay et al, 2014;Haws et al, 2006;Taylor & Strack, 2008); it may be measured with a micrometre screw gauge (Ruíz-Rubio et al, 2006) or using microradiography tools (Gordon et al, 2018). The minimum thickness for a commercial quality mabe is 0.3 mm (Awaji & Machii, 2011;Ky et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production and quality in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens

et al. 2019

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The factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens were investigated, as a strategy to optimize the technology for the development of a pearling industry in Chile. The effects of abalone size (small, large), implant position (dorsal, central, ventral and their combinations), and number of nuclei (one, two, three) were analysed on the quantity, thickness of the nacre layer and quality (shape, colour, lustre, defects) of the mabe produced. The size of abalone did not exert a clear influence on the quantity and quality of mabe, but the position on the shell (firstly) and number of nuclei (secondly) did. More mabe, with thicker nacre, brighter lustre and fewer defects occurred in small or large abalone implanted with only one nucleus on dorsal position. In contrast, small and large abalone implanted in the ventral position formed less mabe, with thinner nacre, poor lustre and more defects. This likely occurs because mantle tissue folds at the ventral position and does not always cover the nucleus, leaving it partially or totally exposed. Most of the pearls were categories AA in small abalone and A in large abalone; only three AAA gems were produced in large abalone with one nucleus on dorsal position or with three nuclei (DCV). Based on these results, we recommend implanting abalone at 60–100 mm shell length, with only one nucleus on the dorsal position.

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Influence of nacre deposition rate on cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera using farmed donor families

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Age-dependence of cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oysterPinctada margaritifera

Age-dependence of cultured pearl grade and colour in the black-lipped pearl oysterPinctada margaritifera

Donor effect on cultured pearl nacre development and shell matrix gene expression inPinctada margaritiferareared in different field sites

Factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production and quality in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens

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