Influence of Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and R³⁺ (R = Y, Lu, Gd) co-doping on the spectroscopic properties of Pr³⁺:BaF₂ single crystal

Abstract

A series of high quality x%Pr3+:BaF2 (x=0.6, 1, 2); (1%Pr3+, 2%Na+):BaF2; (1%Pr3+, y%Ca2+):BaF2 (y=3, 5) and (0.6%Pr3+, 10%R3+):BaF2 (R=Y, Lu, Gd) crystals are grown by temperature gradient technique (TGT). The...