Influence of morphology on the toughening mechanisms of polypropylene modified with core-shell particles derived from thermoplastic elastomers

Kim, G.-M.; Michler, Goerg H.; Gahleitner, Markus; Mülhaupt, Rolf

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(1998100)9:10/11<709::aid-pat833>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…When TPEg content is added up to 24 wt %, some partial agglomeration of particles in the matrix begins to take place. A similar agglomeration of core‐shell particles was also reported in the PP/PA6/SEBS ‐g‐ MA blends 6, 8–13. The above changes in the morphology structure can be attributed to the variation of interfacial tension induced by the interfacial reaction due to the addition of reactive TPEg, which will be discussed in the following section.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In recent decades, extensive interests have focused on the use of functionalized rubbers, such as ethylene–propylene copolymer (EPR),4–7 styrene–ethylene/butylenes–styrene (SEBS),4–16 and (octene–ethylene) (POE)17–20 as both toughners and compatibilizers for polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends. In our previous work, a maleic anhydride grafted poly (octene–ethylene) (POE)/semicrystalline polyolefin (60/40) blend (TPEg) was used to act as an interfacial modifier for PP/PA6 blends 21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase morphology development in PP/PA6 blends induced by a maleated thermoplastic elastomer

Liu

Xie²,

Zhang

et al. 2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The effects of maleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) on morphological development of polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends with a fixed PA6 content (30 wt %) were investigated. For purpose of comparison, nonmaleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) was also added to the above binary blends. A comparative study of FTIR spectroscopy in above both ternary blends confirmed the formation of in situ graft copolymer in the PP/PA6/TPEg blend. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that un‐like TPE, the incorporation of TPEg remarkably affected both intensity and position of loss peaks of blend components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that PP/PA6/TPE blends still exhibited poor interfacial adhesion between the dispersed phase and matrix. However, the use of TPEg induced a finer dispersion and promoted interfacial adhesion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for PP/PA6/TPEg blends showed that a core‐shell structure consisting of PA6 particles encapsulated by an interlayer was formed in PP matrix. With the concentration of TPEg increasing, the dispersed core‐shell particles morphology was found to transform from discrete acorn‐type particles to agglomerate with increasing degree of encapsulation. The modified Harkin's equation was applied to illustrate the evolution of morphology with TPEg concentration. “Droplet‐sandwiched experiments” further confirmed the encapsulation morphology in PP/PA6/TPEg blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1050–1061, 2006

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase morphology development in PP/PA6 blends induced by a maleated thermoplastic elastomer

Liu

Xie²,

Zhang

et al. 2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…Experimental procedures were chosen similar to those proposed by Michler and coworkers. [25][26][27][28] As is apparent from Figure 17 the D80OS2 nanoparticles are very effective stress concentrators accounting for multiple plastic matrix deformation and voiding. The organoboehmite nanoparticles are located inside the voids.…”

Section: Micromechanics Of Ipp/os2 Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Crystallization Behavior, and Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites based on Organophilic Boehmites

Streller

Thomann

Torno

et al. 2009

Macro Materials & Eng

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IntroductionAmong commodity thermoplastics, isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) is outstanding with respect to its very attractive combination of low cost, low weight, tailor-made property profiles, wide application range, and recycling capabilities including recovery of oil and gas resources by means of pyrolysis. [1,2] In order to qualify iPP for engineering applications it is important to improve stiffness without sacrificing toughness. In conventional iPP compounds fillers and fibers are dispersed in the iPP in order to reinforce iPP. Traditional reinforcing agents for poly(propylene) include calcium carbonate, talc, glass fibers, wollastonite, mica, glass beads, and wood flour. [3,4] When the same volume fraction of micrometer-scaled fillers is substituted by nanometer-sized fillers, the number of particles increases by nine orders of magnitude. As a result most iPP is located at the nanofiller interface in iPP nanocomposites. Moreover, small amounts of a few percent nanofillers are needed to convert bulk iPP into interfacial iPP exhibiting new property profiles. Incorporation of nanofillers can promote higher stiffness, strength, and dimensional stability combined with improved barrier resistance and flame retardancy. [5,6] In state-of-the-art technology, considerable amounts of expensive compatibilizers like maleic-anhydride-grafted poly(propylene) are added to improve nanofiller dispersion and interfacial adhesion. [7] During the last decade nanocomposite research has been iPP/organoboehmite nanocomposites were prepared to examine the influence of both boehmite crystallite size and organophilic boehmite modification on morphology development, thermal, and mechanical properties. Effective deagglomeration of the micrometer-scaled organoboehmites was achieved, producing uniform dispersions of nanometer-scaled boehmite crystallite assemblies within the iPP matrix. CSmodified organoboehmites gave improved stiffness at the expense of elongation at break and impact strength. In contrast to CS, boehmites modified with OS2 lowered iPP crystallization (''anti-nucleation effect'') without affecting crystal modification, affording iPP nanocomposites with significantly larger elongation at break and strain induced crystallization.focused on organophilic layered silicates, modified by means of cation exchange. [8] Much less is known about organoboehmite nanofillers produced by means of acid modification of nanoboehmites.The boehmite mineral AlO(OH) has a layered structure illustrated in Figure 1. In Sasol's process for producing synthetic boehmites (cf. Scheme 1) aluminum alcoholates are formed by reacting aluminum metal with alcohol, followed by hydrolysis. [9][10][11] Highly pure nanoboehmites free of alien transition metal impurities are formed and very effective control of the boehmite crystallite sizes (10, 40, and 60 nm) is achieved. Treatment with organic carboxylic and sulfonic acids renders boehmites organophilic. During drying, the boehmite crystallites assemble to afford micrometer-scaled agglomerates of crystal...

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“…In addition to being used as additives for polyamides to improve their toughness, SEBS‐ g ‐MA elastomers have also been employed as CPs for polyamide/polypropylene blends 15–22. Holsti‐Miettinen and coworkers15 investigated the SEBS‐ g ‐MA reactive compatibilization of PA/i‐PP blends by mechanical, morphological, thermal and rheological analyses and showed that this CP is more effective than an ethylene‐butyl acrylate copolymer grafted with 0.15 wt.‐% MA and an ethylene‐ethyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holsti‐Miettinen and coworkers15 investigated the SEBS‐ g ‐MA reactive compatibilization of PA/i‐PP blends by mechanical, morphological, thermal and rheological analyses and showed that this CP is more effective than an ethylene‐butyl acrylate copolymer grafted with 0.15 wt.‐% MA and an ethylene‐ethyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer. Kim et al16,17 and Wilkinson et al18 studied the i‐PP/PA/SEBS‐ g ‐MA ternary blends with i‐PP as the matrix phase. These blends were shown to exhibit a core‐shell morphology with an amorphous rubber boundary region surrounding the dispersed particles of semicrystalline PA. A tendency of the latter particles to partially agglomerate into clusters, upon increasing the concentration of SEBS‐ g ‐MA, and finally to form an island‐like, quasi‐cocontinuous morphology was demonstrated by these authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Compatibilizer Precursors for LDPE/PA6 Blends, 4

Filippi

Yordanov

Minkova

et al. 2004

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: The effectiveness of some thermoplastic elastomers grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) or with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as compatibilizer precursors (CPs) for blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) with polyamide‐6 (PA) has been studied. The CPs were produced by grafting different amounts of MA or GMA onto a styrene‐block‐(ethylene‐co‐1‐butene)‐block‐styrene copolymer (SEBS) (KRATON G 1652), either in the melt or in solution. A commercially available SEBS‐g‐MA copolymer with 1.7 wt.‐% MA (KRATON FG 1901X) was also used. The effect of the MA concentration and of other characteristics of the SEBS‐g‐MA CPs was also studied. The specific interactions between the CPs and the blends components were investigated through characterizations of the binary LDPE/CP and PA/CP blends, in the whole composition range. It was demonstrated that the SEBS‐g‐GMA copolymers display poor compatibilizing effectiveness due to cross‐linking resulting from reactions of the epoxy rings of these CPs with both the amine and the carboxyl end groups of PA. On the contrary, the compatibilizing efficiency of the MA‐grafted elastomers, as revealed by the thermal properties and the morphology of the compatibilized blends, was shown to be excellent. The results of this study confirm that the anhydride functional groups possess considerably higher efficiency, for the reactive compatibilization of LDPE/PA blends, than those of the ethylene‐acrylic acid and ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymers investigated in previous works.SEM micrograph of the 75/25 LD08/PA blend (with 2 phr SEBSMA1).magnified imageSEM micrograph of the 75/25 LD08/PA blend (with 2 phr SEBSMA1).

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Influence of morphology on the toughening mechanisms of polypropylene modified with core-shell particles derived from thermoplastic elastomers

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Phase morphology development in PP/PA6 blends induced by a maleated thermoplastic elastomer

Phase morphology development in PP/PA6 blends induced by a maleated thermoplastic elastomer

Morphology, Crystallization Behavior, and Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites based on Organophilic Boehmites

Reactive Compatibilizer Precursors for LDPE/PA6 Blends, 4

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