Influence of mold temperature on the properties of wastewater-grown microalgae-based plastics processed by injection molding

González-Balderas, Regina M.; Félix, Manuel; Bengoechea, Carlos; Guerrero, Antonio; Ledesma, María Teresa Orta

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102055

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The findings show that sorbitol enhanced tensile strength whereas glycerol and a combination of the two showed intermediate tensile strength, indicating that bioplastics can be altered to meet specific requirements [12]. Studies on the effect of mould temperature on the viscosity of algal biopolymers demonstrate that increase in mould temperature improves viscosity and water resistance [13,16,17]. Plasticizers such as glycerol, water, and latex can enhance antibacterial properties of bioplastics, overcoming bioplastic's limitations in the medical and food packaging industries [18].…”

Section: Properties Of Bioplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Based Bio-Plastics: Future of Green Economy

Sreenikethanam¹,

Bajhaiya²

2022

Biorefineries - Selected Processes

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Plastic has become one of the most crucial requirements of the modern-day living. The continuous reliance on the petroleum-based, non-biodegradable plastics has resulted in increased global environmental damage and rapid depletion of fossil fuels. Bioplastic, with remarkably similar properties to petroleum-based plastics is a promising alternative to overcome these emerging challenges. Despite the fact that algae and cyanobacteria are feasible alternative source for bio-plastic, there have been limited studies on strain selection and optimization of culture conditions for the bio plastic production. Naturally, algae and cynobacteria can accumulate higher amount of metabolites under stress conditions however one of the recent study on genetic engineering of Synechocystis sp. coupled with abiotic stresses showed up to 81% of increase in PHB level in the transformed lines. This chapter provides summary of various studies done in the field of algal bio-plastics, including bioplastic properties, genetic engineering, current regulatory framework and future prospects of bioplastic. Further the applications of bioplastics in industrial sector as well as opportunities and role of bio plastic in green economy are also discussed.

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Section: Properties Of Bioplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Based Bio-Plastics: Future of Green Economy

Sreenikethanam¹,

Bajhaiya²

2022

Biorefineries - Selected Processes

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“…The use of microalgae in plastic materials production is also interesting as scalable production seems to be more cost-effective because no prior treatment is needed before their processing [ 117 ]. Bioplastics materials have been obtained from microalgae biomass, although mainly blended with petroleum plastics or bioplastics [ 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Proteins From Industrial Biowastes and Co-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventually, the underutilized bio-resource marine algal seaweeds can be also converted into added-value superabsorbent materials. Thus, apart from the formation of hydrogels with κ-carrageenan and alginate [ 368 , 369 ], the protein fraction from micro- and macro-algae is suitable for the generation of absorbent materials [ 119 , 284 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Protein-based Bioplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins from Agri-Food Industrial Biowastes or Co-Products and Their Applications as Green Materials

Álvarez‐Castillo¹,

Félix²,

Bengoechea³

et al. 2021

Foods

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A great amount of biowastes, comprising byproducts and biomass wastes, is originated yearly from the agri-food industry. These biowastes are commonly rich in proteins and polysaccharides and are mainly discarded or used for animal feeding. As regulations aim to shift from a fossil-based to a bio-based circular economy model, biowastes are also being employed for producing bio-based materials. This may involve their use in high-value applications and therefore a remarkable revalorization of those resources. The present review summarizes the main sources of protein from biowastes and co-products of the agri-food industry (i.e., wheat gluten, potato, zein, soy, rapeseed, sunflower, protein, casein, whey, blood, gelatin, collagen, keratin, and algae protein concentrates), assessing the bioplastic application (i.e., food packaging and coating, controlled release of active agents, absorbent and superabsorbent materials, agriculture, and scaffolds) for which they have been more extensively produced. The most common wet and dry processes to produce protein-based materials are also described (i.e., compression molding, injection molding, extrusion, 3D-printing, casting, and electrospinning), as well as the main characterization techniques (i.e., mechanical and rheological properties, tensile strength tests, rheological tests, thermal characterization, and optical properties). In this sense, the strategy of producing materials from biowastes to be used in agricultural applications, which converge with the zero-waste approach, seems to be remarkably attractive from a sustainability prospect (including environmental, economic, and social angles). This approach allows envisioning a reduction of some of the impacts along the product life cycle, contributing to tackling the transition toward a circular economy.

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“…This influence is more important in the micro-injection molding process, in which the melt flow length must be increased in the product’s micro-features. Because micro-injection molds are low cost and have the potential for high-volume production, they are used to manufacture a variety of polymer components in the injection molding field [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, the most common applications of micro-injection molding are in micro-devices [ 9 , 10 ], optical structures [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], and micro-fluidic devices [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control for Improving the Filling Ability of Polyamide 6 + 30% Glass Fiber in the Micro-Injection Molding Process

2022

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In micro-injection molding, the plastic filling in the cavity is limited by the frozen layer due to the rapid cooling of the hot melt when it comes into contact with the surface of the cavity at a lower temperature. This problem is more serious with composite materials, which have a higher viscosity than pure materials. Moreover, this issue is also more serious with composite materials that have a higher weight percentage of glass filer. In this article, a pre-heating step with the internal gas heating method was used to heat the cavity surface to a high temperature before the filling step to reduce the frozen layer and to improve the filling ability of the composite material (polyamide 6 + 30% glass fiber) in the micro-injection molding process. To heat the cavity surface, an internal gas-assisted mold temperature control (In-GMTC) system was used with a pulsed cooling system. We assessed different mold insert thicknesses (t) and gaps between the gas gate and the heating surface (G) to achieve rapid mold surface temperature control. The heating process was observed using an infrared camera, and the temperature distribution and the heating rate were analyzed. Thereafter, along with the local temperature control, the In-GMTC was used for the micro-injection molding cycle. The results show that, with a gas temperature of 300 °C and a gas gap of 3.5 mm, the heating rate reached 8.6 °C/s. The In-GMTC was also applied to the micro-injection molding process with a part thickness of 0.2 mm. It was shown that the melt flow length had to reach 24 mm to fill the cavity completely. The results show that the filling ability of the composite material increased from 65.4% to 100% with local heating at the melt inlet area when the gas temperature rose from 200 to 400 °C with a 20 s heating cycle.

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Influence of mold temperature on the properties of wastewater-grown microalgae-based plastics processed by injection molding

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Algae Based Bio-Plastics: Future of Green Economy

Algae Based Bio-Plastics: Future of Green Economy

Proteins from Agri-Food Industrial Biowastes or Co-Products and Their Applications as Green Materials

Internal Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control for Improving the Filling Ability of Polyamide 6 + 30% Glass Fiber in the Micro-Injection Molding Process

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