Influence of Moisture on Erodibility of Soil by Wind

Bisal, Frederick; Hsieh, J. J. C.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196609000-00001

Cited by 96 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…The threshold shear velocity soon reaches a very high value and a critical moisture content, above which there is no wind erosion, can be observed. This is in line with observations of Chepil (1956), Bisal and Hsieh (1966) and Saleh and Fryrear (1995). Therefore, there is no need to quantify the upper boundary conditions of our parameterisation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A parameterisation for the threshold shear velocity to initiate deflation of dry and wet sediment

2004

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A new parameterisation for the threshold shear velocity to initiate deflation of dry and wet particles is presented. It is based on the balance of moments acting on particles at the instant of particle motion. The model hence includes a term for the aerodynamic forces, including the drag force, the lift force and the aerodynamic moment force, and a term for the interparticle forces. The effect of gravitation is incorporated in both terms. Rather than using an implicit function for the effect of the aerodynamic forces as reported earlier in literature, a constant aerodynamic coefficient was introduced. From consideration of the van der Waals force between two particles, it was further shown that the effect of the interparticle cohesion force between two dry particles on the deflation threshold should be inversely proportional to the particle diameter squared. The interparticle force was further extended to include wet bonding forces. The latter were considered as the sum of capillary forces and adhesive forces. A model that expresses the capillary force as a function of particle diameter squared and the inverse of capillary potential was deduced from consideration of the well-known model of Fisher and the Young-Laplace equation. The adhesive force was assumed to be equal to tensile strength, and a function which is proportional to particle diameter squared and the inverse of the potential due to adhesive forces was derived. By combining the capillary force model and the adhesive force model, the interparticle force due to wet bonding was simplified and written as a function of particle diameter squared and the inverse of matric potential. The latter was loglinearly related to the gravimetric moisture content, a relationship that is valid in the low-moisture content range that is important in the light of deflation of sediment by wind. By introducing a correction to force the relationship to converge to zero moisture content at oven dryness, the matric potential-moisture content relationship contained only one unknown model parameter, viz. moisture content at -1.5 MPa. Working out the model led to a rather simple parameterisation containing only three coefficients. Two parameters were incorporated in the term that applies to dry sediment and were determined by using experimental data as reported by Iversen and White [1982. Sedimentology 29, 111-119 ]. The third parameter for the wet-sediment part of the model was determined from wind-tunnel experiments on prewetted sand and sandy loam aggregates. The model was validated using data from wind-tunnel experiments on the same but dry sediment, and on data obtained from simulations with the model of Chepil [1956. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20, 288-292]. The experiments showed that soil aggregates should be treated as individual particles with a density equal to their bulk density. Furthermore, it was shown that the surface had to dry to a moisture content of about 75% of the moisture content at -1.5 MPa before deflation became sustained. The threshold shear veloci...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

A parameterisation for the threshold shear velocity to initiate deflation of dry and wet sediment

2004

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“…This could be because such soils are better aerated thus causing the organic matter to decompose more readily; further, coarsetextured soils tend to erode more easilv (Bisal and Hsieh 1966) (Beaton 1980 (Stanford et al 1911l, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Organic Matter and Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen From Saskatchewan Soils Due to Cropping

Campbell¹,

Souster²

1982

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

143

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“…The wetness or moisture content of the surface layer of particles, about 2 or 3 mm in depth, has a profound effect on the wind erodibility of unconsolidated sediment. Many studies have shown that the intergranular cohesion associated with moisture increases the threshold velocity needed for particle movement (Chepil, 1956;Bisal and Hsieh, 1966;Azizov, 1977;McKenna-Neuman and Nickling, 1989;Kroon and Hoekstra, 1990;Seleh and Fryrear, 1995;Chen et al, 1996). A review of the effects of surface moisture content on aeolian sand transport has been provided by Namikas and Sherman (1995).…”

Section: Field Surface Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

Zobeck

Sterk

Funk

et al. 2003

Earth Surf Processes Landf

178

107

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Accurate and reliable methods of measuring windblown sediment are needed to confirm, validate, and improve erosion models, assess the intensity of aeolian processes and related damage, determine the source of pollutants, and for other applications. This paper outlines important principles to consider in conducting field-scale wind erosion studies and proposes strategies of field data collection for use in model validation and development. Detailed discussions include consideration of field characteristics, sediment sampling, and meteorological stations. The field shape used in field-scale wind erosion research is generally a matter of preference and in many studies may not have practical significance. Maintaining a clear nonerodible boundary is necessary to accurately determine erosion fetch distance. A field length of about 300 m may be needed in many situations to approach transport capacity for saltation flux in bare agricultural fields. Field surface conditions affect the wind profile and other processes such as sediment emission, transport, and deposition and soil erodibility. Knowledge of the temporal variation in surface conditions is necessary to understand aeolian processes. Temporal soil properties that impact aeolian processes include surface roughness, dry aggregate size distribution, dry aggregate stability, and crust characteristics. Use of a portable 2 tall anemometer tower should be considered to quantify variability of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness caused by surface conditions in field-scale studies. The types of samplers used for sampling aeolian sediment will vary depending upon the type of sediment to be measured. The Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) and Modified Wilson and Cooke (MWAC) samplers appear to be the most popular for field studies of saltation. Suspension flux may be measured with commercially available instruments after modifications are made to ensure isokinetic conditions at high wind speeds. Meteorological measurements should include wind speed and direction, air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, rain amount, soil temperature and moisture. Careful consideration of the climatic, sediment, and soil surface characteristics observed in future field-scale wind erosion studies will ensure maximum use of the data collected.

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Influence of Moisture on Erodibility of Soil by Wind

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

A parameterisation for the threshold shear velocity to initiate deflation of dry and wet sediment

A parameterisation for the threshold shear velocity to initiate deflation of dry and wet sediment

Loss of Organic Matter and Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen From Saskatchewan Soils Due to Cropping

Measurement and data analysis methods for field‐scale wind erosion studies and model validation

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