Influence of Moderate Intensity Physical Activity Levels and Gender on Conditioned Pain Modulation

Umeda, Masataka; Lee, Wanseok; Marino, Courtney A.; Hilliard, Shelby C.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000478301.50708.77

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The CPM of triathletes in the present study reduced from 3.15 at baseline to 1.72 after stress, and the CPM of nonathletes in our previous study (15) reduced from 2.42 to 1.77 (delta of 1.43 vs 0.65 VAS units, respectively). These values show that triathletes have more efficient pain inhibition than nonathletes at baseline, also found with other athletes (e.g., (28,35); however, see (34)) and highly physically active people (25,37). Yet it appears that triathletes lose their advantageous CPM over nonathletes under psychological stress as CPM magnitude becomes similar to the CPM of nonathletes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Triathletes Lose Their Advantageous Pain Modulation under Acute Psychosocial Stress

Geva

Pruessner

Defrin

2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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The results suggest that under acute psychological stress, triathletes not only react with SIH and a reduction in pain modulation but also lose their advantageous pain modulation over nonathletes. The stronger the stress response recorded, the weaker the SIH. It appears that triathletes are not resilient to stress, responding with an increase in the sensitivity to pain as well as a decrease in pain inhibition. The possible effects of athletes' baseline pain profile and stress reactivity on SIH are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Triathletes Lose Their Advantageous Pain Modulation under Acute Psychosocial Stress

Geva

Pruessner

Defrin

2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Our study also demonstrated that PPTs, either prior to or during CS, were not related to reported levels of physical activity in healthy individuals. Two prior studies have demonstrated that higher levels of physical activity were associated with greater CPM (Naugle and Riley, 2014;Umeda et al, 2016). These studies included a broad cross section of ages (Naugle and Riley, 2014) and physical activity levels (Naugle and Riley, 2014;Umeda et al, 2016), compared to the high prevalence (64-68%) of highly active individuals our study enrolled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These studies included a broad cross section of ages (Naugle and Riley, ) and physical activity levels (Naugle and Riley, ; Umeda et al., ), compared to the high prevalence (64–68%) of highly active individuals our study enrolled. Umeda and colleagues also used accelerometers to measure physical activity levels (Umeda et al., ), which would also provide a more accurate representation of physical activity levels, as compared to the self‐report measures utilized in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One variable that has recently demonstrated a relationship with CPM is physical activity levels. The association between physical activity levels and CPM is variable, with one study in active (≥30 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity/day) versus inactive post‐menopausal women not demonstrating any relationship with CPM (Adrian et al., ), whilst another study demonstrated that individuals with higher physical activity levels demonstrated a greater magnitude of CPM; however, higher dose moderate‐intensity physical activity did not add to the benefits obtained from vigorous‐intensity physical activity (Umeda et al., ). Thus, as a result of the large unexplained spread in CPM effect between individuals, and the uncertain effect of physical activity levels on CPM, further investigation of the association of these variables is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conditioned pain modulation is affected by occlusion cuff conditioning stimulus intensity, but not duration

Smith

Pedler

2017

European Journal of Pain

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Background: Various conditioned pain modulation (CPM) methodologies have been used to investigate diffuse noxious inhibitory control pain mechanisms in healthy and clinical populations. Occlusion cuff parameters have been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate whether occlusion cuff intensity and/or duration influenced CPM magnitudes. We also investigated the role of physical activity levels on CPM magnitude. Methods: Two studies were performed to investigate the role of intensity and duration of occlusion cuff conditioning stimulus on test stimulus (tibialis anterior pressure pain thresholds). In Study 1, conditioning stimulus intensity of 2/10 or 5/10 (duration <20 s) was evaluated using a paired-samples t-test. In Study 2, duration of 2/10 conditioning stimulus was 3 min. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to investigate the effect of time (0, 1, 2 and 3 min) on CPM magnitude. Results: In Study 1, 27 healthy volunteers (mean AE SD: 24.9 years (AE4.5); eight female) demonstrated that an occlusion cuff applied to the upper arm eliciting 5/10 local pain resulted in a significant (mean AE SD: 17% AE 46%) increase in CPM magnitude, when compared to 2/10 intensity (À3% AE 38%, p = 0.026), whereas in Study 2, 25 healthy volunteers (22.5 years (AE2.7); 13 female) demonstrated that 3 min of 2/ 10 CS intensity did not result in a significant change in CPM (p = 0.21). There was no significant relationship between physical activity levels and CPM in either study (p > 0.22). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an occlusion cuff of 5/10 conditioning stimulus intensity, when compared to 2/10, significantly increased CPM magnitude. Maintaining 2/10 conditioning stimulus for 3 min did not increase CPM magnitude. Significance: Dysfunctional conditioned pain modulation (CPM) has been associated with poor health outcomes. Various factors can influence CPM outcomes. The role of occlusion cuff conditioning stimulus intensity and duration has not been previously investigated. Intensity (5/10), but not duration of lower intensity (2/10) conditioning stimulus, affects CPM magnitude.94 Eur J Pain 22 (2018) 94--102

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“…() could not demonstrate such an effect. CPM also correlated with the frequency of training among non‐athletes (Umeda, Lee, Marino, & Hilliard, ). Although these studies cannot determine whether improved pain modulation related to endurance sport is inherited or acquired, longitudinal studies in animal models show that aerobic exercise for several weeks can reduce pain‐like behaviour (Bobinski et al., ; Tian et al., ) supporting the latter possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The type of sport matters: Pain perception of endurance athletes versus strength athletes

Assa

Geva

Zarkh

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pain

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Background Studies assessing athletes’ pain sensitivity yield inconsistent data, which demonstrate either increased pain threshold and tolerance in athletes than controls or similar thresholds. This inconsistency may result from the variability in the type of sport practiced by the athletes and its effect on pain perception. For example, endurance athletes perform continuous intense exercise for prolonged durations, whereas strength athletes perform short bouts of extreme efforts. Consequently, endurance athletes may tolerate and modulate pain better than strength athletes. This hypothesis was tested by comparing pain perception of endurance athletes with that of strength athletes. Methods Subjects were 19 endurance athletes (triathletes), 17 strength athletes (weightlifters and throwers) and 17 non‐athlete controls. Quantitative measurements included heat‐pain threshold, heat‐pain tolerance, cold pressor pain ratings, temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Fear of pain and pain catastrophizing were also assessed. Results The two athlete groups had lower pain ratings than non‐athletes. However, strength athletes had higher heat‐pain threshold than endurance athletes, whereas endurance athletes had higher heat‐pain tolerance and stronger CPM than strength athletes and lower fear of pain levels. Longer training time correlated with TSP in endurance athletes but with CPM and heat‐pain tolerance in strength athletes. Conclusions Although athletes in general seem less responsive to noxious stimuli than non‐athletes, the type of sport differentially affects pain perception; whereas endurance‐based sport is associated with improved pain inhibition, strength‐based sport is associated with reduced pain sensitivity. These characteristics may be considered when sport is recommended for pain management. Significance This study shows that different sport types are associated with different characteristics of pain perception and modulation, as well as of thoughts towards pain.

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Influence of Moderate Intensity Physical Activity Levels and Gender on Conditioned Pain Modulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Triathletes Lose Their Advantageous Pain Modulation under Acute Psychosocial Stress

Triathletes Lose Their Advantageous Pain Modulation under Acute Psychosocial Stress

Conditioned pain modulation is affected by occlusion cuff conditioning stimulus intensity, but not duration

The type of sport matters: Pain perception of endurance athletes versus strength athletes

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