Influence of mixing on the precipitation of zinc oxide nanoparticles with the miniemulsion technique

Winkelmann, Marion; Schuler, Tobias; Uzunogullari, Pürlen; Winkler, Christian Andreas; Gerlinger, Wolfgang; Sachweh, Bernd; Schuchmann, Heike P.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2012.06.036

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…From these results, we can conclude that the core of the nanowire (position a) is poor in nickel, whereas the conical head (position b) contains many more nickel atoms. This result confirms our previous EDX quantification performed at the laboratory scale and the EELS measurements …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Several studies have indicated that the precipitation of nanoparticles requires a high mixing intensity and that the mean particle size and the width of the PSD decrease as the mixing intensity increases . To develop a rational design, different axial, and radial flow impellers were studied by (CFD), and the flow fields generated by these impellers were calculated for the laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic nanowire synthesis: A chemical engineering approach

et al. 2014

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Bimetallic one-dimensional cobalt-nickel magnetic nanowires capped on both sides with conical heads were synthesized using the polyol process. Then, the process was scaled up to produce magnetic nanowires in sample aliquots of approximately 20 g. The scale-up strategy involved improving the mixing reagents using either axial or radial mixing configurations and was experimentally validated by comparing the structural and magnetic properties of the resulting nanowires. The results indicated a connection between the flow patterns and the size and shape of the nanowires. When a Rushton turbine was used, shorter nanowires with unconventional small heads were obtained. Because the demagnetizing field is strongly localized near or inside these heads, the coercive field was enhanced nearly twofold. These results were confirmed by micromagnetic simulations using isolated nanowires. In addition, the development of flow patterns at the small and pilot scales was predicted and compared using three-dimensional turbulent computational fluid dynamics simulations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic nanowire synthesis: A chemical engineering approach

et al. 2014

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“…Emulsification in the HPPF geometry is possible due to the forced passage of the droplet containing phase through the turbulence field after the orifice valve [83,84]. However, the droplets do not get elongated at the valve inlet, which is reported to be essential for the disruption of high-viscous droplets [47,85,86].…”

Section: Hppf Homogenization For Reduced Abrasion and Process Intensimentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Preparation of Polymer/Inorganic Composite Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization

Merkel

Hecht

Schoth

et al. 2015

Colloid Process Engineering

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Composite nanostructured particles can be produced by polymerization of monomer miniemulsion droplets loaded with inorganic nanoparticles. The article gives an overview on the development of a scalable continuous process for the production of such hybrid nanoparticles via miniemulsion polymerization. Different possibilities for the necessary surface modification of the inorganic material are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the influence of the surfactant concentration on the droplet size after emulsification as well as on the nucleation mechanisms during polymerization is highlighted. Possible process routes for the emulsification of the nanoparticle-loaded monomer phase are compared taking into account different process and material parameters, such as energy consumption, abrasion, dispersed phase viscosity, inorganic particle load and size, and morphology of the resulting hybrid particles. The possibility of an industrial implementation via an integrated high pressure homogenization process and a subsequent continuous polymerization are presented.

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“…Control of the injection time of the reagents permits the separation of nucleation and growth steps and allows the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles as small as 4 nm in diameter, as measured by a light‐scattering technique. In the same direction, increasing the reagent flow rates by one order of magnitude permits a narrower particle size distribution and reduces the average diameter of molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoparticles by a factor of nearly 2, as demonstrated by Santillo et al Additionally, Winkelmann et al investigated the influence of mixing on the precipitation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. In increasing the mixing quality by decreasing the nozzle diameter, the mean particle size was reduced from 120 to 35 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mixing strategies for zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis via a polyol process

et al. 2015

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We report on the effect of mixing on the morphology of ultrafine zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized via a polyol process using zinc acetate and water in a diethylene glycol medium. Three mixing strategies were considered: stirred batch, T-mixer, and impinging free jets. The particle granulometry was accessed using the transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction methods. The nanoparticle size and polydispersity decreased with an increase in the local dissipated energy. In particular, the polyol process conducted in the same chemical environment at 353 K did not lead to the observation of nanoparticles in the stirred batch reactor but resulted in unconventionally small 6-nm particles in the T-mixer and impinging jet configurations. This result is apparently related to the micromixing eddy geometry described by the Kolmogorov length. The hydrodynamic flow patterns and energy dissipation were obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations, which are essential in the design, optimization, and scale-up of the polyol process.

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Influence of mixing on the precipitation of zinc oxide nanoparticles with the miniemulsion technique

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Magnetic nanowire synthesis: A chemical engineering approach

Magnetic nanowire synthesis: A chemical engineering approach

Continuous Preparation of Polymer/Inorganic Composite Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization

Mixing strategies for zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis via a polyol process

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