Influence of milk source on serum lipids and lipoproteins during the first year of life, Bogalusa Heart Study

Abstract

An epidemiological study of coronary heart disease risk factor variables in a cohort of 440 infants from birth to age 4 was conducted in Bogalusa, LA. This report evaluates differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins and dietary intakes of infants fed various milk or formula types during the 1st year of life. There were significant positive correlations between serum total cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and consumption of cow's milk at 6 months of age. The cow's milk-fed infants at 6 months had significantly greater intakes of animal protein and saturated fat as compared to the formula-fed groups. At 1 yr these differences were not found, possibly because of the heterogeneity of the eating patterns of infants by this age. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels appear to be responsive to concurrent dietary intake of fat and cholesterol in 6-month-old infants.

Infant Feeding and Blood Cholesterol: A Study in Adolescents and a Systematic Review

“…Of these 83 papers, 37 papers contained data on TC and/or LDL levels, which could be used in the meta-analysis (Table 1). Of the 46 studies excluded, 30 studies did not examine TC levels in breast-and bottle-fed groups, 6 studies provided insufficient data for inclusion, [25][26][27][28][29][30] and 10 studies duplicated data presented elsewhere. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] After correspondence with the authors of 2 studies in adults, the provision of unpublished data made it possible to include 2 additional studies in the meta-analysis.…”

Lipid profile of term infants on exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding: a comparative study

“…Serum lipid levels especially serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease. Although total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are influenced by adult diet and adiposity, levels of these factors 'track' with increasing strength from early childhood (Farris et al, 1982). Nutrition in the neonatal and early infancy may have major, long-term 'programming' effect on physiology and metabolism of cholesterol.…”

Fetal and Maternal Lipoprotein Metabolism in Human Pregnancy Complicated by Type I Diabetes Mellitus1

“…Longitudinal studies in newborns show a fairly rapid progression to an adult lipid profile. Before birth, the switch from a fetal-type lipoprotein composition to an adult-type with relatively lipid-depleted HDL and higher levels of apo B-containing lipoproteins may occur by the end of the neonatal period (30), in part caused by feeding (31). Our present findings suggest that the influence of maternal type I DM probably mediated through increased fetal circulating NEFA appears to expedite this change, although one cannot exclude the possibility that such changes may be secondary in nature.…”