Cobalt(II) fluoride (α-CoF 2 ) has potential for application as a high-performance electrode material in lithium-ion batteries. α-CoF 2 is synthesized by the thermal heat treatment of CoF 2 •4H 2 O, commonly synthesized in an aqueous environment. There exists disagreement in the literature upon the mechanism, intermediate hydration states, and temperatures of the reaction. Here, we resolve this discontinuity by using integrated structural, thermogravimetric, and calorimetric analyses to elucidate the dehydration pathway of CoF 2 •4H 2 O in both ex situ and in situ experimental conditions. Specifically, the decomposition of CoF 2 •4H 2 O to α-CoF 2 has been investigated using isothermal thermogravimetry (ex situ TG), thermogravimetry (TG)−differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), kinetic analysis, and ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). We deduce that in two irreversible steps CoF 2 •4H 2 O completely decomposes into α-CoF 2 , with an amorphous intermediary phase of CoF 2 •0.5H 2 O. Under DSC conditions with a heating rate of 10 °C/min, CoF 2 •4H 2 O dehydrates to CoF 2 •0.5H 2 O from 80 to 175 °C, and further dehydration between 175 and 300 °C leads to α-CoF 2 . The α-CoF 2 phase remains stable up to the highest temperature recorded, 400 °C.