Influence of microclimate on the directional dependence of sandstone pillar weathering in Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia

Waragai, Tetsuya; Hiki, Yusuke

doi:10.1186/s40645-019-0254-5

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For this reason, there are problems related to the corrosive effects of water, especially on the north facade. This finding supports studies that indicate erosion in stones exposed to water [3,14,70].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method

KARATAŞ

Dal

2023

Mersin Photogrammetry Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The village house located in the Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological site is one of the oldest settlements in the ruins, built in the second century. The house is mainly built of a yellowish beige limestone. This stone, which is the main material of the building, shows many deterioration patterns today. The aim of the study is to determine the dominant deterioration pattern of the stones in the village house structure in the Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological site and to investigate the source of the deterioration. In order to investigate the deterioration patterns in the structure, the images obtained by UAV photogrammetry were interpreted and the types of deterioration were mapped. In the study, it is seen that even the types of material problems based on the smallest detail can be determined based on virtual visual inspection, thanks to UAV photogrammetry, without observing the structure in situ with UAV photogrammetry. The findings obtained in the study shows that the color change and surface loss deterioration on the stone surfaces has reached advanced levels as a result of the structure's exposure to the strong climate-induced sun and water effects for centuries. The results of the study show that the main damage observed on the stone surface of the structure is caused by the erosion by the effect of water. Restoration methods should be tried to stabilize the deterioration and replace the most degraded stones. It is recommended to use water-repellent surface coatings to protect the natural stone, especially against the intense water effect in the building.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Various findings have been obtained in many studies on the corrosive effects of rainwater. A study conducted on sandstone material by [2] was reported that pitting formed in the stone material in contact with rain water. Bonazza et al [3] reported that rainwater has a corrosive effect even at low exposures, especially on carbonated stones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method

KARATAŞ

Dal

2023

Mersin Photogrammetry Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While the water entering the body wall eroded the joints, causing joint discharge, the water effect between the drained joints created the necessary environment for various living things to live in the province. This finding supports that the side exposed to water in limestones, which was also determined in the results of various studies in the literature, shows significant wear and therefore there are problems related to the abrasive effect of water on all facades exposed to water [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For example, rain water, which is a natural factor, accelerates the dissolution processes after freezing / thawing cycles, and also increases the amount of deterioration by accelerating the mechanical events in the structure of the stone by creating changes in the chemical structure of the stone [1]. In addition, the side exposed to water shows significant erosion in the limestones [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, various studies in the literature report that the effect of water on stone structures tends to increase the acidity of atmospheric pollutants over time, which further increases erosion and color change in stones [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn

KARATAŞ

Alptekin

KARABACAK>

et al. 2022

Mersin Photogrammetry Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The province of Mersin is an area where stone material is concentrated in terms of its geographical region, and in many historical areas in the region, stone structures are subject to deterioration due to various effects and protection interventions are often needed in the region. However, in the past, the lack of knowledge about the detection of material problems in the region has caused serious damage to historical textures and structures in many cases. The aim of the study carried out in this context is to document the material problems of the "Sarışih Han", which is a historical masonry building located in the Tarsus district of Mersin and which is of great importance to be preserved in terms of the continuity of the cultural heritage of the region, and thus to document the material problems for the sustainable management of the structures in the geographical region to contribute to its detection and repair. In this context, material problems in the structure were documented using the UAV photogrammetry method. The results of the study are important in terms of forming a guideline for the determination of material problems in the restoration phases of stone structures in Mersin. The findings obtained in the study show that the main damage observed on the stone surface of the building is eroded by the effect of water, and the problems caused by the lack of repairs in the worn areas have grown and plant formations have occurred in almost all of the facades, and the plant formations have caused large parts of fragmentation on some facades. It is seen that the joint loss on the stone surfaces and the deterioration of plant formation have reached advanced levels as a result of the exposure of the building to the effects of sun and water caused by the strong climate for centuries. Based on the determination results obtained in the study, it is hoped that correct applications will be made within the scope of the recommendations to be presented in the restoration of material problems in the restoration applications to be made in the geographical region.

show abstract

“…Gulotta et al [79] present a case of marble erosion in exposed portions attributed to meteoric waters. A study on sandstones pillars by Waragai and Hiki [80] related depth values for hollows in these stone elements to rainfall.…”

Section: Erosion By Flowing Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present work reviews studies with information on the effects of water by itself on stones of the built environment both to assess the impact of this substance and to discuss possible implications for conservation. The analysis concerns empirical results from previous publications dealing with the effects, on several rock types, of freeze–thaw, wetting, erosion by running water and substances resulting from the water–stone interaction. Laboratory studies have shown that water freezing can cause physical damage even in low porosity rocks. As far as we know, this is the first review that considers comparative laboratory studies of freeze–thaw and salt crystallization on the same rock specimens, and these point to lower erosive effects than salt weathering, as freeze–thaw can provoke catastrophic cracking. Wetting has shown strong damaging effects on some fine-grained clastic rocks. Erosive features have been reported for rain exposition and for some fountain settings albeit, in these field studies, it could be difficult to assess the contribution of pollutants transported by water (this assessment could have meaningful implications for stone conservation, especially in fountain settings). Water also interacts with stone constituents, namely sulfides and soluble salts, releasing substances that could impact those stones. Sulfides are a relatively frequent issue for slates and granites, and our observations suggest that for this last rock type, this issue is mostly associated with the presence of enclaves and, hence, avoiding the surface exposition of such enclaves could solve the problem.

show abstract

Influence of microclimate on the directional dependence of sandstone pillar weathering in Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method

Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method

Detection and documentation of stone material deterioration in historical masonry buildings using UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Mersin Sarisih Inn

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About