Influence of Methyl Eugenol Diluted with Paraffin Oil on Male Annihilation Technique of Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

Males of many fruit flies of Bactrocera species were found to enhance their mating competitiveness after consumption of the kairomone lure, methyl eugenol (4-allyl-1, 2-dimethoxybenzene-carboxylate) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Methyl eugenol is a component of plant essential oil found in at least 200 species of plants from 32 families [14,15].Male annihilation technique (MAT) (lure and kill) is applied as spot treatments by using dispensers as carriers of the main component of MAT, methyl eugenol (the male attractant) and toxicant [16,17].Male annihilation technique is one of the fruit fly control methods where it aims to remove male insects, thus reducing male population. This disturbs the male: female ratio and reduces the insects' chances of mating and these females produce few progeny. Accordingly, the insect population at the target area declines and the insects could be eradicated at the end [16,18]. MAT was used successfully to eradicate the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in Rota [19], Saipan [20] and Okinawa [21]; Asian papaya fruit fly, Bactrocera papayae in Australia [22] and Bactrocera species in Nauru [23]. Current control tactics of fruit flies depended mainly on AbstractPeach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tiphritidae) is considered as one of the most economically important pests for several kinds of fruits and vegetables. In order to reduce the cost of male annihilation technique (MAT) for controlling B. zonata, dilution of methyl eugenol with paraffin oil had been evaluated to reduce the quantity of methyl eugenol. Five concentrations of methyl eugenol (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) were tested with three insecticides belonging to different groups of pesticides; fentrithion, spinosad and a mixture of thiamethoxam+abamactin. Methyl eugenol-fentrithion mixture at 100% of methyl eugenol showed that the weekly mean numbers of captured males all over 10 successive weeks were significantly higher (87.3 individuals/block) than those obtained at 75% (45.9), 50% (32.4), 25% (34.2) and 10% (9.0). There were no significant differences between concentrations 50, 75 and 100% of methyl eugenol in spinosad mixture, while their effects on captured males were significantly higher than that obtained when 10% and 25% were used. Mean numbers of captured males subjected to methyl eugenol-thiamethoxam+abamactin mixture averaged 8. 8, 19.0, 24.9, 24.9 and 48.0 individuals/block at 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. Statistically, the mean number of captured males over the tested period at 100% of methyl eugenol was significantly higher than those obtained at 10, 25, 50 and 75%. Males of B. zonata were more attracted to methyl eugenol-spinosad mixture compared with methyl eugenol-(fentrithion and thiamethoxam+abamactin) mixtures. As a conclusion, dilution of methyl eugenol in paraffin oil till 50% in MAT by using spinosad (as an insecticide) did not significantly affect the captured males and had a high effect against B. zonata population. E n to m ology, Or n ith o lo g y & Herpet ...

Response of Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) to the Essential Oil of Cubeb Pepper, Piper cubeba Bojer

“…Noticeable, there were no significant differences in male catching at the 1 st , 2 nd, and 3 rd week whether in T1-or T5-treatment. These results were supported by that of Ghanim (2013), who mentioned that B. zonata males' numbers decreased with time along 10 weeks. Fig.1: Mean captured numbers of male peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, which were attracted by cubeb essential oil (CEO) concentrations (T1; 100%, T2; 80, T3; 66.6, and T4; 50% of crude oil) and methyl eugenol (ME; 98%).…”

“…These results were in agreement with the results of Dotterl et al (2006), who mentioned that the responses of nursery pollinator, Hadena bicruris increased by increasing the concentrations of Silene latifolia that were diluted in paraffin oil. Ghanim (2013) reported that the weekly mean numbers of B. zonata males increased with an increased of MEconcentrations that were diluted in paraffin oil, where the higher mean number of males occurred significantly at the 100% concentration of ME. It is worth mentioning that paraffin oil that used as a solvent for the CEO had no effect on males' attraction.…”

Interactions between Two Parasitoids of Tephritidae: Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), under Laboratory Conditions

“…In response to enormous losses incurred in the horticultural agro-industry, programs aimed at managing fruit damaging Tephritidae have been implemented worldwide, albeit with variable success. Some of the strategies that have been used widely include chemical control [ 11 , 12 ], orchard sanitation [ 13 , 14 ], baiting techniques [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], sterile insect technique [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], male annihilation technique [ 18 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], entomopathogenic fungi [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] and use of parasitoids [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] among others.…”

A Novel Composite as a Dispenser for Methyl Eugunol to Attract the Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) Males under Field Conditions

“…A current emerging topic in eco-friendly PFF management is the efficient deployment of its attractants in detection, monitoring and mass trapping (Afia, 2007;Abd El-Kareim et al, 2008&2009;Moustafa, 2009;Ghanimet al, 2010;Ghanim, 2013;Amin, 2015 andHemeida et al, 2017). Pheromone or para-pheromone constituents require formulation in suitable dispensing systems to protect them and their emission over prolonged period for controlling pests (Leonhardt et al, 1987 andDharanivasan et al, 2017).…”

“…(Tan, 1993;Aluja and Norrbom, 1999;Tan, 2000;Vayssieres et al, 2007 andNishida, 2012). The use of ME as attractant in traps is known globally for the control of PFF; whereas, ME is deployed as powerful male-specific lure to PFF in Egypt (Afia, 2007;Abd El-Kareim et al,2009;Ghanim et al, 2010;Ghanim, 2013;Amin, 2015 andEl-Metwally et al, 2017).…”