Influence of meteorological factors on variability of biochemical composition of fruits of introduced species of Ericaceae and Actinidiaceae families in conditions of Belarus

Abstract

The article describes results of a comparative study conducted in seasons of contrasting hydrothermic regimes of averaged variation coefficients of 14 indexes of biochemical composition of fruits of 4 species of introduced plants from families Ericaceae and Actinidiaceae – O. macrocarpus, V. corymbosum, A. arguta and A. kolomikta. It has been shown that the highest integral resistance of biochemical composition of fruits to the complex impact of meteorological factors among O. macrocarpus varieties is characteristic of the released Stevens variety, the lowest one – of Holistar Red, among V. corymbosum varieties – of Bluejay and Sunrise respectively. In the taxonomic row of A. arguta the highest resistance to abiotic factors is found in the natural form, the lowest one – in Sentjabrskaja variety, in the taxonomic row of A. kolomikta – in Aromatnaja and Sentjabrskaja varieties respectively. The greatest variability in all or most introduced varieties is characteristic of parameters of accumulation in fruits of dry substances, hydroxycinnamic acids, soluble sugars and the total amount of bioflavonoids, as well as the content of pectin substances for both species of Actinidiaceae family. At the same time, O. macrocarpus is characterized by high stability of the content of titrated acids and anthocyanin pigments in fruits, V. corymbosum – of catechins, flavonols and tannins, A. kolomikta – of titrated acids, leucoanthocyanins and catechins. Accordingly, the most distinct dependence on the seasonal hydrothermal regime has been found in O. macrocarpus for its sugar-acid index and the content of catechins in fruits, in V. corymbosum – for that of pectin substances and true anthocyanins, in A. arguta – for catechins content, for A. kolomikta – for that of ascorbic acid and flavonols.