Influence of melatonin and serotonin on glucose‐stimulated insulin release from perifused rat pancreatic islets in vitro

Peschke, Elmar; Peschke, D.; Hammer, Thomas; Csernus, Valér

doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1997.tb00349.x

Cited by 124 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…It stimulates this process in the liver (Haagsmann et al, 1981;Cardonigra-Valino et al, 1997;Bremmer et al, 1999). The action of pineal gland hormone on insulin level had been observed earlier by Peschke et al (1997), who suggested a direct action of melatonin on the pancreatic islets (de Lima et al, 2001). Maćkowiak et al (1999a) and Fabiś et al (2002) also showed an increase in the levels of insulin in rats along with the simultaneous increase in the level of glucose after the administration of exogenous melatonin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of melatonin on biochemical variables of the blood in dairy cows

Darul¹,

Kruczynska²

2004

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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In order to examine the effect of exogenous melatonin on selected biochemical variables of the blood in ruminants, dairy cows were given the pineal gland hormone in the dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight. One and four hours after melatonin administration blood samples were collected from the cows in the control and the treated group in order to determine the levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, as well as the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase. The pineal gland hormone caused a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, slight increases in glucose and insulin levels, and a significant decrease in the concentration of free fatty acids. Melatonin did not exert an effect on the activity of liver enzymes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of melatonin on biochemical variables of the blood in dairy cows

Darul¹,

Kruczynska²

2004

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…The 2 h application of 10 nmol/l melatonin applied approximately at the maximum of the circadian oscillation (t = 22.9 h) caused a phase advance of around 9 h. After this the circadian period was maintained (t = 22.5 h); however, the amplitude was enhanced (from 92 to 155 pmol/l). To heighten the visualization of the phase shift, the hypothetic location of the curves (dotted lines) has been drawn before and after melatonin application effects of melatonin on insulin secretion from pancreatic rat islets in vitro reported previously [41,42]. Our results indicate that melatonin, as a hormonal Zeitgeber, influences the circadian rhythm of insulin release under in vitro conditions causing phase advances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Perifusion of isolated rat pancreatic islets was performed as described earlier [42]. Briefly, about 300 isolated pancreatic islets were packed into a 6.6 mm glass column together with Sephadex G-10.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a circadian rhythm of insulin release from perifused rat pancreatic islets

Peschke

1998

Diabetologia

130

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While there is strong evidence that circadian rhythms are generated in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [1,2] and in the avian pineal gland [3,4], determinations of circadian rhythms in other isolated organs or cells are rare. Only few in vitro investigations of insect tissues or mammalian cells or organs such as intestine, adrenals [5±7], heart cell networks and liver cells [8,9] have shown the existence of circadian rhythms in culture [10,11]. In addition it has been shown that cultured mammalian retina possesses a genetically programmed circadian oscillator which regulates the synthesis of melatonin in this tissue. These observations suggest that all vertebrate photoreceptive structures synthesize melatonin under the control of circadian oscillators [12]. A circadian rhythm is an oscillation with a period duration of approximately 24 h (range 20 to 28 h). Ultradian rhythms are oscillations with periods of less than 20 h.Various investigators have postulated oscillations of insulin secretion in a range of seconds [13] or periods between 9 and 14 min under both in vivo and in vitro conditions [14] or clonal pancreatic beta cells with periods of 5 to 8 min superimposed on 15 to Diabetologia (1998) Summary This study aims to analyse a circadian rhythm of insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic islets in vitro and its potential modulation by melatonin, the concentrations of which change in vivo inversely to that of insulin. The circadian rhythm was evaluated in a perifusion system, adapted to the specific conditions of pancreatic islets. To determine rhythmicity of insulin secretion, 30-min fractions were collected continuously for investigative periods of 44 to 112 h. Insulin secretion in 10 experiments was analysed by using the MacAnova-program for period length (t), the c 2 -periodogram for test of significance (p < 0.001), and additionally the empirical cosine adaptation for amplitude and goodness-of-fit. Thereby a circadian pattern was observed with periods (t) between 21.8 and 26.2 h. The period duration (mean ± SEM) was 23.59 ± 0.503 h, the overall mean insulin release 1038 ± 13 pmol/l and the mean amplitude 88 ± 17 pmol/l. Adding melatonin (10 nmol/l, t = 2 h) as a hormonal Zeitgeber during analysis of circadian insulin secretion phase-response studies show phase-shifts with approximately 9 h phase advance. Thereafter the circadian period was maintained, while the amplitude was enhanced. From this it is concluded that an endogenous circadian oscillator is located within the pancreatic islets of the rat that regulates circadian insulin secretion of the insulin-producing beta cells. The pacemaker is remarkably stable, because its periodicity is not affected by factors altering insulin secretion. In agreement with inhibitory influences of melatonin (range 0.5 nmol/l to 5 mmol/l) on the insulin response in vitro, the phaseresponses support the contention that pancreatic beta cells may be targets for melatonin action. [Diabetologia (1998)

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“…Melatonin as an inhibitor of insulin secretion in isolated islets and beta cells Melatonin attenuates glucose-and KCl-stimulated insulin secretion from perifused rat islets [59]. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on insulin release from rat islets was later confirmed [60].…”

Section: Melatonin and Insulin Secretionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Melatonin receptors in pancreatic islets: good morning to a novel type 2 diabetes gene

et al. 2009

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Melatonin is a circulating hormone that is primarily released from the pineal gland. It is best known as a regulator of seasonal and circadian rhythms; its levels are high during the night and low during the day. Interestingly, insulin levels also exhibit a nocturnal drop, which has previously been suggested to be controlled, at least in part, by melatonin. This regulation can be explained by the proposed inhibitory action of melatonin on insulin release. Indeed, both melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and MTNR1B are expressed in pancreatic islets. The role of melatonin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis has been highlighted by three independent publications based on genome-wide association studies of traits connected with type 2 diabetes, such as elevated fasting glucose, and, subsequently, of the disease itself. The studies demonstrate a link between variations in the MTNR1B gene, hyperglycaemia, impaired early phase insulin secretion and beta cell function. The risk genotype predicts the future development of type 2 diabetes. Carriers of the risk genotype exhibit increased expression of MTNR1B in islets. This suggests that these individuals may be more sensitive to the actions of melatonin, leading to impaired insulin secretion. Blocking the inhibition of insulin secretion by melatonin may be a novel therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes.

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Influence of melatonin and serotonin on glucose‐stimulated insulin release from perifused rat pancreatic islets in vitro

Cited by 124 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of melatonin on biochemical variables of the blood in dairy cows

Effect of melatonin on biochemical variables of the blood in dairy cows

Evidence for a circadian rhythm of insulin release from perifused rat pancreatic islets

Melatonin receptors in pancreatic islets: good morning to a novel type 2 diabetes gene

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