Influence of mean sound pressure level on jitter and shimmer measures

Orlikoff, Robert F.; Kahane, Joel C.

doi:10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80175-4

Cited by 68 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…It may also be related to the fact that SPL was lower in the MC group. Higher F0 and SPL -that is higher activity in the laryngeal muscles -tends to decrease the amount of perturbation [43,44 , see also ref. 45 about the sensitivity of perturbation measures to F0 and intensity].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Vocal Loading-Related Changes in Male Teachers’ Voices Investigated before and after a Working Day

Laukkanen

Kankare²

2006

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Vocal loading-related changes have mainly been investigated in female voice users. The present study investigated male teachers’ voices before and after a working day. A questionnaire was used to select 22 male teachers as subjects from a larger group. Ten reported suffering often from symptoms of vocal fatigue (MC = multiple complaints group), 12 reported few vocal complaints (FC group). The subjects recorded a text reading sample at habitual loudness and loudly, and sustained vowel [a:] before and after an approximately 6-hour working day. Text samples were analyzed for total sound pressure level (SPL) and SPL at three frequency regions (50–1,000 Hz, 1–2 kHz, 2–5 kHz), fundamental frequency (F0) and alpha ratio [(SPL 1–5 kHz) – SPL (50 Hz–1 kHz)]. Jitter and shimmer were calculated from the vowel. The subjects filled in a questionnaire about vocal sensations. The MC group reported more symptoms of vocal fatigue, and the symptoms increased during the working day. F0 and SPL increased in both groups. Alpha ratio increased in the MC group but remained the same in the FC group. The MC group had higher values of jitter and shimmer. Jitter diminished in the FC group but did not change significantly in the MC group. The differences between the groups reflect either different strategies for coping with vocal loading or different loading-induced changes in the vocal organ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Vocal Loading-Related Changes in Male Teachers’ Voices Investigated before and after a Working Day

Laukkanen

Kankare²

2006

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…Progressive thickening of the laryngeal epithelium with age has been reported which may contribute to the increased jitter and shimmer values observed in older voices. It is noted that for an individual, vocal perturbations are highly affected by the intensity of vowel production, with decreasing jitter and shimmer with increased intensity [54,55,56]. Jitter and shimmer also seem to decrease with an increase in F0 [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Aging on Acoustic Parameters of Voice

Dehqan

Scherer²,

Dashti³

et al. 2012

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Background/Aims: There are no studies of the phonatory parameters of elderly Iranian speakers. The purpose of this study was to obtain normative acoustic data for a group of elderly Iranian male and female speakers over 70 years of age. Four selected acoustic parameters [fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio] were obtained and compared to a group of young and middle-aged speakers. Methods: Subjects were 21 Iranian elderly men and 20 Iranian elderly women. The age range for both male (mean ± SD: 77.09 ± 5.84) and female subjects (77.55 ± 4.34) was 70–90 years. The control group consisted of 40 Iranian young and middle-aged adults who were 20–49 years old (20 men and 20 women). The age range for the females was 23–40 years (30 ± 4.76) and for the males it was 21–49 years (30.1 ± 8.51). Each subject phonated 5/a/vowels with constant pitch and loudness for at least 5 s. The mid 3-second portion of the tokens was analyzed using the Dr. Speech 4.3u software (subprogram: Vocal Assessment; Dr. Speech, Tiger Electronics, Seattle, Wash., USA). Results: F0 was greater for elderly males than for young and middle-aged males. Conversely, F0 was greater for young and middle-aged females than for elderly females. Average shimmer was significantly higher in elderly males than in elderly females. Likewise, jitter was significantly higher in elderly males than in elderly females. Both shimmer and jitter were significantly greater in elderly speakers than in the young and middle-aged speakers. In addition, the harmonics-to-noise ratio was significantly greater for young and middle-aged males and females than for elderly males and females. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that elderly Iranian speakers had significantly greater vocal instability than young and middle-aged Iranian adults, as measured by the selected acoustic parameters. As the elderly population in Iran and the world continues to increase rapidly, studies of this kind are needed for researchers, educators, and practitioners to better understand the effects of aging on all aspects of human speech-language communication. Voice is an important factor for communication, and its change with age alters the communication process.

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“…Although changes were observed in the instrumented measures, careful inspection of them indicated that the effects could imply either warm-up or fatigue effects. In other words, the increase in F 0 , SPL, and alpha ratio are normal adaptations to vocal loading and may lead to decreased perturbations as observed (Laukkanen et al, 2006;Orlikoff & Baken, 1990;Orlikoff & Kahane, 1991). Moreover, in the study by Laukkanen et al…”

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confidence: 87%

Metabolic Mechanisms of Vocal Fatigue

2017

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Vocal fatigue is among the most debilitating conditions affecting individuals with voice disorders. Impressions about mechanisms potentially underlying vocal fatigue have varied depending on how fatigue is defined, participants studied, and measures made, thereby impacting the selection of treatment strategies that may alleviate the condition. However, little is currently known about actual metabolic mechanisms of vocal fatigue. The current study aimed to address this issue by investigating the hypothesis that neuromuscular inefficiency, cardiovascular recovery deficits, or both, may play a role in fatigue. The approach replicated well-vetted approaches in exercise physiology.Metabolic profiles of subjects with vocal fatigue were assessed using gas exchange measures in comparison to two non-fatigue groups: vocally healthy and cardiovascular trained individuals, recruited based on results from a newly vetted questionnaire, the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) and laryngeal examination. Participants read out loud at two different loudness levels for a duration of 5 minutes for each task with periods of rest between tasks. Metabolic cost for and recovery time from reading were same across all groups. Oxygen uptake and recovery kinetics (EPOC), ratings of perceived exertion revealed interesting patterns in individuals with vocal fatigue compared to cardiovascular trained individuals in particular.Specifically, slow oxygen uptake kinetics in the vocal fatigue compared to the cardiovascular iv trained group pointed to utilization of anaerobic energy source to meet the demands of the reading task in the vocal fatigue group, suggesting neuromuscular inefficiency. In contrast, rapid oxygen uptake kinetics in the cardiovascular trained group pointed to utilization of aerobic energy sources and greater neuromuscular efficiency. Similarly, a greater number of individuals in vocal fatigue and vocally healthy groups showed an increase in oxygen consumption post reading (EPOC) compared to the cardiovascular trained group, indicating possible cardiovascular recovery deficits in the former groups.In addition to uncovering potential mechanisms underlying vocal fatigue, including neuromuscular inefficiency and cardiovascular recovery deficits, results from the present study highlight the potential importance of aerobic training to generate aerobic energy required for vocal task demands for both ease of task performance and recovery from it. In sharp contrast to the situation for voice, fatigue as a common physical phenomenon more generally has received extensive attention in the physical therapy, sports medicine, and exercise physiology literature. Three broad schools of thought identify mechanisms pertaining to the origins of physical fatigue: (1) peripheral mechanisms (Allen, Lamb, & Westerblad, 2008;Asmussen, 1979;Edwards, 1981;Fitts, 1994;Westerblad, Allen, & Lannergren, 2002;Westerblad, Lee, Lannergren, & Allen, 1991), (2) The next pages and chapters provide pertinent background information on vocal fatigue, fatigue as understood ...

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Influence of mean sound pressure level on jitter and shimmer measures

Cited by 68 publications

References 50 publications

Vocal Loading-Related Changes in Male Teachers’ Voices Investigated before and after a Working Day

Vocal Loading-Related Changes in Male Teachers’ Voices Investigated before and after a Working Day

The Effects of Aging on Acoustic Parameters of Voice

Metabolic Mechanisms of Vocal Fatigue

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