Influence of Maturity and Vineyard Location on Free and Bound Aroma Compounds of Grapes from the País Cultivar

Abstract

Some of the volatile compounds present in grapes give wine is its unique and genuine characteristics. "Terroir" and berry maturity are considered to be the main influences on the expression of these characteristics. This work was undertaken to establish the specific characteristics that define Vitis vinifera cv. País, based on its aromatic profile and free and bound compounds (glycosides), and to assess the effects of location and maturity. Free and bound volatile compounds presented significant differences in the three locations studied. The total amount of free alcohols, acids and ketones depended on the location. During ripening, the amount of aroma precursors increased in all chemical groups in every location studied, and they were found mainly in the skins. With reference to free volatile compounds, it was found that cis-2-hexenol could be a good candidate to assess maturity, and that terpene content seemed to be strongly related to the vineyard location and cultivar conditions. Also, data analysis showed that the free aroma profile seemed to be influenced more by the maturity of the grapes and the bound aroma fraction more by the location.

Resurgence of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in South America: a review of their oenological potential

“…Commercial wines were also studied. Ubeda et al . reported that Carignan wines from sites closer to the Andes Mountains showed significantly lower ester and acid content.…”

“…Vitispiranes were also identified as the best C 13 -norisoprenoids aging markers for young sparkling wines, and time of aging on lees affected mostly esters and terpenes. 42 On the other hand, Úbeda et al 24 studied the influence of ripening and location on free and bound aroma of País grapes. These authors reported that, during ripening, the concentration of aroma precursors increased in the different locations.…”

“…Despite the above, there are few studies that evaluate the oenological potential of these varieties and most of them focus on regions with an excellent winemaking tradition such as Aragón, Galicia, La Rioja, and La Mancha (Spain), including other countries such as Georgia and Azerbaijan that seek to maintain and provide products linked to the territory with different organoleptic characteristics . Emerging studies about minority, autochthonous, or wild grape varieties have also been conducted recently in South America and in other wine‐growing regions, to provide productive alternatives to traditional varieties and diversify the range of products offered on the wine market . This review therefore summarizes the studies that evaluate the oenological potential of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties located in different South American countries, focusing on wine‐growing regions of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia as alternatives to the traditional varieties on the world wine scenario, and providing additional information about the management of these varieties from an oenological perspective (Table ).…”

“…15,[17][18][19] In recent years, a new productive trend has gradually been introduced in the world wine industry, favoring the production and preservation of minority grapevine varieties. 15,16,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In contrast to the general trend of producing wine from globally disseminated grapevine varieties, associated with the French paradigm, there is a slight tendency to increase the number of studies of minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties. The aim is to seek distinct products, different from the current homogenized wine production.…”

“…15,25,[38][39][40] Emerging studies about minority, autochthonous, or wild grape varieties have also been conducted recently in South America and in other wine-growing regions, to provide productive alternatives to traditional varieties and diversify the range of products offered on the wine market. 24,[26][27][28][31][32][33]37,[41][42][43][44] This review therefore summarizes the studies that evaluate the oenological potential of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties located in different South American countries, focusing on wine-growing regions of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia as alternatives to the traditional varieties on the world wine scenario, and providing additional information about the management of these varieties from an oenological perspective ( Table 1).…”