Influence of maternal and paternal pre-conception overweight/obesity on offspring outcomes and strategies for prevention

Hieronimus, Bettina; Ensenauer, Regina

doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00920-7

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Although the two sexes follow distinct paths of epigenetic events, and gametes possess specific epigenomes, some unhealthy parental habits have been found to affect future generations' development, via epigenetic alterations. In fact, parents being overweight/obese affects epigenetic markers in both gametes, possibly influencing epigenetic programming during embryogenesis [168]. For instance, it has been shown that lifestyles, including, nutrition, physical activity, alcoholism, cocaine use, and nicotine exposure alter reproductive function, germline epigenome/transcriptome and germline integrity as cell count, morphology, sperm motility, genomic integrity, and general structural degradation in both males and females.…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Lifestyle-affected Human Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In obese people planning a pregnancy, exercise, diet, and even surgery-induced weight loss, advisable to avoid undesirable outcomes in offspring, have been shown to improve implantation rates and embryo and fetal development, suggesting that these interventions may improve offspring health [168,183,184]. In addition, obesity-related epigenetic changes in spermatozoa have been shown to perhaps be reversible through weight loss that, by improving male metabolic health, is able to increase the amount of spermatozoa with a healthy methylome, without affecting normal embryonic and fetal development [162].…”

Section: Resilience Of Life Style Impact On Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior

Gallo

2022

IJERPH

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Reproductive health is progressively declining due to multiples endogenous and exogenous factors, such as environmental contaminants, diet and behavior. Accumulated evidences confirm that fertility and reproductive function have been adversely affected by exposure to chemical contaminants released in the environment. Today, the impact of diet and behavior on reproductive processes is also receiving special attention from the scientific community. Indeed, a close relationship between diet and fertility has been proven. Furthermore, a combination of unhealthy behavior, such as exposure to hazardous compounds and stress factors, poses living organisms at higher risk of reprotoxic effects. In particular, it has been described that poor life behaviors are associated with reduced male and female fertility due to decreased gamete quality and function. Most of the erroneous behaviors are, furthermore, a source of oxidative stress that, leading to epigenetic alterations, results in an impaired reproductive fitness. This review reports the detrimental impact of the most common environmental chemical stressors, diet, and behavior on reproductive functionality and success. Although clear evidences are still scarce, reassuring data are provided that a healthy diet and reverting unhealthy lifestyles may be of help to recover physiological reproductive conditions.

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Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Lifestyle-affected Human Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resilience Of Life Style Impact On Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior

Gallo

2022

IJERPH

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“…There is also evidence from animal and clinical studies that maternal overnutrition can lead to epigenetically mediated alterations in different physiological homeostatic regulatory systems and is associated with increases in the cardiometabolic risk in infants [ 56 ]. Observational evidence suggests that metabolic changes due to parental overweight/obesity affect epigenetic markers in oocytes and sperm alike and may influence epigenetic programming and reprogramming processes during embryogenesis [ 69 ]. However, mechanisms underlying overweight development and foetal adipogenic programming through influences of early-life stages are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Nutritional Vulnerability Of Women With Pku In Their Reprodu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher BMI before pregnancy is associated with a more significant fat mass gain during pregnancy and is correlated with fat retention postpartum. It is also a strong predictor for increased birth weight, as well as for childhood overweight and obesity [ 69 ].…”

Section: Nutritional Vulnerability Of Women With Pku In Their Reprodu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Quality of Nutrition and Lifestyle in the Reproductive Years of Women with PKU on the Long-Term Health of Their Children

et al. 2022

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A woman’s nutritional status before and during pregnancy can affect the health of her progeny. Phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare disorder causing high blood and brain phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations, is associated with neurocognitive disability. Lifelong treatment is mainly dietetic with a Phe-restricted diet, supplemented with a low-Phe protein substitute. Treatment adherence commonly decreases in adolescence, with some adults ceasing dietary treatment. In maternal PKU, elevated blood Phe is harmful to the fetus so a strict Phe-restricted diet must be re-established preconception, and this is particularly difficult to achieve. A woman’s reproductive years introduces an opportunity to adopt healthier behaviours to prepare for successful pregnancies and positive health outcomes for both themselves and their children. Several factors can influence the health status of women with PKU. Political, socioeconomic, and individual food and lifestyle choices affect diet quality, metabolic control, and epigenetics, which then pre-condition the overall maternal health and long-term health of the child. Here, we reflect on a comprehensive approach to treatment and introduce practical recommendations to optimize the wellbeing of women with PKU and the resultant health of their children.

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“…In 2018, a Lancet series on preconception health reviewed the existing literature from biological, epidemiological and behavioural research and highlighted the importance of adequate nutrition in this phase 1 3 4. Combined, maternal and paternal periconceptional nutritional status provide a legacy for offspring health and development through its influence on egg and sperm integrity and thereby the very foundation for subsequent embryo development 3 5 6. The parental periconceptional nutritional status could be viewed as the biological capital acquired from a long-term diet and is a composite entity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a digital dietary intervention program targeting young adults before parenthood: protocol for the PREPARED randomised controlled trial

et al. 2021

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IntroductionThe importance of preconception health for lifelong physical and mental health in the next generation has gained increasing recognition in recent years. Preconception paternal and maternal risk factors such as obesity and inadequate diet affect the metabolic and cardiovascular health of their offspring later in life. This highlights the importance of diet and dietary behaviour in the years before parenthood. In our project, PREPARED, we will evaluate the effectiveness of a digital intervention targeting young adults. Our primary aim is to improve participants’ preconception diet, and our secondary aim is to improve preconception quality of life and maternal and child perinatal outcomes.Methods and analysisWe plan to recruit 7000 men and women individually, aged 20–35 years without children, to be randomised to an intervention or a control group. The intervention group will receive access to a digital resource for 6 months promoting a healthy diet for their health now, later in life and for the next generation. Follow-up is up to 20 years or until they have their first child. To evaluate intervention effects, we will collect dietary data (2×24-hour dietary recalls and a screener). For those participants for which birth ensues, we will link study data with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on maternal and child perinatal outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Regional Ethics Committee, the Norwegian Data Protection Service and our Faculty Ethical Committee (REC: 78104, NSD: 907212, FEC 20/10119). Participation is voluntary and all participants will provide informed consent. Participants can withdraw their consent without giving any reason. Findings will be communicated to the public through a project website and social media, and to professionals through conferences and peer-reviewed papers.Trial registration numberISRCTN44294662.

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Influence of maternal and paternal pre-conception overweight/obesity on offspring outcomes and strategies for prevention

Cited by 45 publications

References 112 publications

Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior

Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior

The Impact of the Quality of Nutrition and Lifestyle in the Reproductive Years of Women with PKU on the Long-Term Health of Their Children

Effectiveness of a digital dietary intervention program targeting young adults before parenthood: protocol for the PREPARED randomised controlled trial

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