Influence of Massage and Skin Hydration on Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Nile Red from Petroleum Jelly—An Unexpected Outcome

Kaushik, Vasudha; Ganashalingam, Yameera; Schesny, Robert; Raab, Christian; Sengupta, Soma; Keck, Cornelia M.

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13122190

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The latter test model has the beauty that the skin remains connected to the cartilage of the tissue, which enables the maintenance of the skin tension, thus mimicking highly physiological skin conditions. Due to this, the ex vivo model—in comparison to classical penetration models, i.e., diffusion cells—allows for more detailed mechanistic investigations into the dermal penetration of chemical compounds and can test the influence of the formulation on skin properties at the same time [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: The ex vivo porcine ear model is often used for the determination of the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. This study investigated the influence of the post-slaughter storage time of porcine ears on the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. (2) Methods: Six different formulations (curcumin and different fluorescent dyes in different vehicles and/or nanocarriers) were tested on ears that were (i) freshly obtained, (ii) stored for 24 or 48 h at 4 °C after slaughter before use and (iii) freshly frozen and defrosted 12 h before use. (3) Results: Results showed that porcine ears undergo post-mortem changes. The changes can be linked to rigor mortis and all other well-described phenomena that occur with carcasses after slaughter. The post-mortem changes modify the skin properties of the ears and affect the penetration efficacy. The onset of rigor mortis causes a decrease in the water-holding capacity of the ears, which leads to reduced penetration of chemical compounds. The water-holding capacity increases once the rigor is released and results in an increased penetration efficacy for chemical compounds. Despite different absolute penetration values, no differences in the ranking of penetration efficacies between the different formulations were observed between the differently aged ears. (4) Conclusions: All different types of ears can be regarded to be suitable for dermal penetration testing of chemical compounds. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and/or skin hydration of the ears were not correlated with the ex vivo penetration efficacy because both an impaired skin barrier and rigor mortis cause elevated skin hydration and TEWL values but an opposite penetration efficacy. Other additional values (for example, pH and/or autofluorescence of the skin) should, therefore, be used to select suitable and non-suitable skin areas for ex vivo penetration testing. Finally, data from this study confirmed that smartFilms and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) represent superior formulation strategies for efficient dermal and transdermal delivery of curcumin.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their findings are in good agreement with ours, and the possible reason for this phenomenon is the saturation of the active and inactive transportation of the molecule into the skin. Active transport is dependent mainly on the sodium-ascorbatecotransporter−1 (SVCT1), which is responsible for the transport of AA in the epidermal tissues [ 67 ], while the inactive mechanism involves the simple solvent drag mechanism, as described by Kaushik et al, for the dissolved drugs in liquids [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the ex vivo porcine ear model allows the use of skin that is still connected to the cartilage. Hence, the skin is in its physiological tension and condition, and no artifacts, i.e., disrupted skin barrier, squeezed skin with water on the skin surface, etc., are created during the preparation [ 39 , 40 ]. Thus, those methods were used and combined, and a specific term was applied to describe the ability of porcine skin’s antioxidant system to scavenge free radicals: intrinsic antioxidant capacity (iAOC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Oxidative State of the Skin by Combining Classical Tape Stripping with ORAC Assay

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The antioxidant barrier system of the skin acts as the main defence against environmental pro-oxidants. Impaired skin oxidative state is linked to unhealthy conditions such as skin autoimmune diseases and cancer. Thus, the evaluation of the overall oxidative state of the skin plays a key role in further understanding and prevention of these disorders. This study aims to present a novel ex vivo model to evaluate the skin oxidative state by the measurement of its antioxidant capacity (AOC). For this the ORAC assay was combined with classical tape stripping and infrared densitometry to evaluate the oxidative state of the stratum corneum (SC). Outcomes implied the suitability of the used model to determine the intrinsic antioxidant capacity (iAOC) of the skin. The average iAOC of untreated skin was determined as 140 ± 7.4 µM TE. Skin exposure to UV light for 1 h reduced the iAOC by about 17%, and exposure for 2 h decreased the iAOC by about 30%. Treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) increased the iAOC in a dose-dependent manner and reached an almost two-fold iAOC when 20% AA solution was applied on the skin. The application of coenzyme Q10 resulted in an increase in the iAOC at low doses but decreased the iAOC when doses > 1% were applied on the skin. The results show that the combination of classical tape stripping and ORAC assay is a cost-effective and versatile method to evaluate the skin oxidative state and the pro-oxidate and antioxidative effects of topical skin treatments on the iAOC of the skin. Therefore, the model can be considered to be a valuable tool in skin research.

show abstract

“…The dermal penetration efficacy was determined ex-vivo using porcine ears that were freshly obtained from a local slaughterhouse [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The ears were washed with lukewarm water (23–25 °C), dried with soft lint-free tissue and used directly on the day of slaughtering.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, unloaded PlantCystal-PEVs and PlantCystal-PEVs to which DiI (10 nM) was added after HSS and HPH were also used as benchmark controls (Table 1). The dermal penetration efficacy was determined ex-vivo using porcine ears that were freshly obtained from a local slaughterhouse [48][49][50]. The ears were washed with lukewarm water (23-25 • C), dried with soft lint-free tissue and used directly on the day of slaughtering.…”

Section: Preparation Of Ai-surrogate-loaded Pevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cucumber-Derived Exosome-like Vesicles and PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be efficient nanocarriers for improved drug delivery and can be derived from mammalian or plant cells. Cucumber-derived EVs are not yet described in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce and characterize cucumber-derived EVs and to investigate their suitability to improve the dermal penetration efficacy of a lipophilic active ingredient (AI) surrogate. (2) Methods: The EVs were obtained by classical EVs isolation methods and by high pressure homogenization (HPH). They were characterized regarding their physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical properties. (3) Results: Utilization of classical isolation and purification methods for EVs resulted in cucumber-derived EVs. Their dermal penetration efficacy for the AI surrogate was 2-fold higher when compared to a classical formulation and enabled a pronounced transdermal penetration into the viable dermis. HPH resulted in submicron sized particles composed of a mixture of disrupted plant cells. A successful isolation of pure EVs from this mixture was not possible with classical EVs isolation methods. The presence of EVs was, therefore, proven indirectly. For this, the lipophilic drug surrogate was admixed to the cucumber juice either prior to or after HPH. Admixing of the drug surrogate to the cucumber prior to the HPH resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the dermal penetration efficacy, whereas the addition of the AI surrogate to the cucumber after HPH was not able to improve the penetration efficacy. (4) Conclusions: Results, therefore, indicate that HPH causes the formation of EVs in which AI can be incorporated. The formation of plant EVs by HPH was also indicated by zeta potential analysis.

show abstract

Influence of Massage and Skin Hydration on Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Nile Red from Petroleum Jelly—An Unexpected Outcome

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

Assessing the Oxidative State of the Skin by Combining Classical Tape Stripping with ORAC Assay

Cucumber-Derived Exosome-like Vesicles and PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About