Influence of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Reactions of Redox Cofactor Solutions

Abstract

Redox cofactors mediate many enzymatic processes and are increasingly employed in biomedical and energy applications.E xploring the influence of external magnetic fields on redox cofactor chemistry can enhance our understanding of magnetic-field-sensitive biological processes and allowt he application of magnetic fields to modulate redox reactions involving cofactors.T hrough ac ombination of experiments and modeling,w ei nvestigate the influence of magnetic fields on electrochemical reactions in redox cofactor solutions.Byemployingflavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor as am odel system, we characterize magnetically induced changes in Faradaic currents.W ef ind that radical pair intermediates have negligible influence on current increases in FMN solution upon application of am agnetic field. The dominant mechanism underlying the observed current increases is the magneto-hydrodynamic effect. We extend our analyses to other diffusion-limited electrochemical reactions of redox cofactor solutions and arrive at similar conclusions,h ighlighting the opportunity to use this framework in redox cofactor chemistry.

Molecular Pseudorotation in Phthalocyanines as a Tool for Magnetic Field Control at the Nanoscale

“…The manipulation of organic molecules by magnetic fields is a highly active field of research with potential applications in molecular circuitry, , quantum computing, , optoelectronics, and even the chiral separation of racemic mixtures via enantiospecific induced spin polarization. , Typically, paramagnetic states with nonzero spin multiplicity are the starting point for investigations of magnetic field sensitivity. When exposed to an external magnetic field, the degeneracy of the orientational spin quantum number is lifted, and changing the occupation of these magnetic sublevels is known to affect the chemical, optical and electronic properties of certain materials, − a concept that has been exploited by nature on numerous occasions in the form of biological sensors using earth’s magnetic field for orientation. − …”

Magneto-electrochemical method for chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers

“…The electrochemical reaction can be affected by an external magnetic field due to the conversion between singlet and triplet spin-1/2 pairs of reaction intermediates, leading to the observation of magnetic field effects on ECL intensities, i.e., magneto-ECL (MECL). [28][29][30][31][32][33] Moreover, the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is found for chiral biomolecules, in which the transport of spin-up/spin-down electrons is separated because of the coupling between spin direction and chiral angular momentum. [34][35][36][37][38][39] The "spin-chirality locking" is therefore expected to initiate an enantioselective phenomenon on the reaction intermediates of the spin species and chiral enantiomers.…”

“…, magneto-ECL (MECL). 28–33 Moreover, the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is found for chiral biomolecules, in which the transport of spin-up/spin-down electrons is separated because of the coupling between spin direction and chiral angular momentum. 34–39 The “spin–chirality locking” is therefore expected to initiate an enantioselective phenomenon on the reaction intermediates of the spin species and chiral enantiomers.…”

Spin Effect to Promote Reaction Kinetics and Overall Performance of Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries under External Magnetic Field

“…Furthermore, magnetic fields can reduce the mutual exclusion between electrons to improve electron transport dynamics. [13,14] A magnetic field can also contribute to removing bubbles and facilitate ion transport through magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection. [15,16] Besides, a magnetic field can spin polarize open-shell electrons on the catalyst surface enabling spin-selective charge carrier exchange to increase electrocatalytic activity and selectivity.…”

“…The electronic spin polarization can also increase the overlap‐integral between the catalysts and the precursor/intermediate/product species to enhance charge transfer, thus modifying the binding energy and potentially the reaction pathway. Furthermore, magnetic fields can reduce the mutual exclusion between electrons to improve electron transport dynamics [13, 14] . A magnetic field can also contribute to removing bubbles and facilitate ion transport through magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection [15, 16] .…”