Influence of machine-based puffing parameters on aerosol and smoke emissions from next generation nicotine inhalation products

McAdam, Kevin; Davis, Peter; Ashmore, L.; Eaton, D.; Jakaj, B.; Eldridge, Alison; Liu, C.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.006

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A recent study showed that although the squarewave puff profile may give slightly higher measured aerosol yields, the difference from a bell-shaped puff profile is statistically insignificant. 37 During the measurement of 30 puffs, the pressure drop across the EC devices never exceeded 20 Pa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Metal Contents in Primary and Secondhand Aerosols Released by Electronic Cigarettes

Kapiamba

Hao

Adom

et al. 2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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The usage of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has surged since their invention two decades ago. However, to date, the health effects of EC aerosol exposure are still not well understood because of insufficient data on the chemical composition of EC aerosols and the corresponding evidence of health risks upon exposure. Herein, we quantified the metals in primary and secondhand aerosols generated by three brands of ECs. By combining aerosol filter sampling and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we assessed the mass of metals as a function of EC flavoring, nicotine concentration, device power, puff duration, and aging of the devices. The masses of Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn were consistently high across all brands in the primary and secondhand aerosols, some of which were above the regulated maximum daily intake amount, especially for Cr and Ni with mass (nanograms per 10 puffs) emitted at 117 ± 54 and 50 ± 24 (JUUL), 125 ± 77 and 219 ± 203 (VOOPOO), and 33 ± 10 and 27 ± 2 (Vapor4Life). Our analysis indicates that the metals are predominantly released from the EC liquid, potentially through mechanisms such as bubble bursting or the vaporization of metal−organic compounds. High metal contents were also observed in simulated secondhand aerosols, generally 80−90% of those in primary aerosols. Our findings provide a more detailed understanding of the metal emission characteristics of EC for assessing its health effects and policymaking.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Metal Contents in Primary and Secondhand Aerosols Released by Electronic Cigarettes

Kapiamba

Hao

Adom

et al. 2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…In the majority of studies discussed, the Health Canada Intense (ISO intense) analytical machine puffing regime has been widely used with some modifications given the absence of testing standards specific for heated tobacco products (Belushkin et al, 2018). It is apparent that detailed "real-world" puffing topography data is required in order to identify the most appropriate puffing parameters for heated tobacco products (McAdam et al, 2019).…”

Section: Aerosol Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

Malt

Thompson²,

Mason

et al. 2022

F1000Res

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Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of tobacco products in which a tobacco consumable is heated to a temperature that releases nicotine from the tobacco leaf but not to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion. Heated tobacco products may therefore have the potential to be a less harmful alternative for adult smokers that would otherwise continue to smoke conventional cigarettes. Given the rapid development of this product category, the aim of this review was to examine the available peer-reviewed scientific evidence related to heated tobacco products and highlight any research gaps. In recent years, manufacturers of heated tobacco products have published a number of studies on their respective heated tobacco products. Whilst there is limited research that is independent of commercial interests, the available scientific evidence indicates that heated tobacco products produce a much simpler aerosol than conventional cigarette smoke, with fewer and substantially lower levels of harmful toxicants. Toxicology assessments indicate these reductions in aerosol toxicants translate to reduced biological effects. Biomarker and clinical data from studies in which product use is controlled within a clinical setting, indicate changes in biomarker levels and clinical end-points similar to observations in cessation studies, indicating the potential for reduced harm. The scientific evidence also indicates that exposure of non-users to emissions from heated tobacco products in indoor environments is significantly reduced compared to exposure resulting from smoking conventional cigarettes. Overall, the available scientific evidence indicates that heated tobacco products hold promise as a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes, but more independent data is required to validate industry findings. As a growing product category, epidemiological studies and independent population modelling studies are outstanding, and empirical data on how dual tobacco product category use by consumers affects their risk profile is lacking.

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“…23 This is also true for HNB-products and over long terms for ECs. 8,55 It is well known, that users puffing regime changes with the type of nicotine delivery product. 56 This was demonstrated with the compensatory behavior of light cigarettes users.…”

Section: 120mentioning

confidence: 99%

Puff-Resolved Analysis and Selected Quantification of Chemicals in the Gas Phase of E-Cigarettes, Heat-Not-Burn Devices, and Conventional Cigarettes Using Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS): A Comparative Study

Heide

Adam

Jacobs

et al. 2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction A wide array of alternative nicotine delivery devices (ANDD) has been developed and they are often described as less harmful than combustible cigarettes. This work compares the chemical emissions of three ANDD in comparison to cigarette smoke. All the tested ANDD are characterized by not involving combustion of tobacco. Method Single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) is coupled to a linear smoking machine, which allows a comprehensive, online analysis of the gaseous phase of the ANDD aerosol and the conventional cigarette smoke (CC). The following devices were investigated in this study: a tobacco cigarette with a glowing piece of coal as a heating source, an electric device for heating tobacco and a first-generation electronic cigarette. Data obtained from a standard 2R4F research cigarette are taken as a reference. Results The puff-by-puff profile of all products was recorded. The ANDD show a substantial reduction or complete absence of known harmful and potentially harmful substances compared to the CC. In addition, tar substances (i.e. semivolatile and low volatile aromatic and phenolic compounds) are formed to a much lower extent. Nicotine, however, is supplied in comparable amounts except for the investigated electronic cigarette. Conclusions The data shows that consumers switching from CC to ANDD are exposed to lower concentrations of harmful and potentially harmful substances. However, toxicological and epidemiological studies must deliver conclusive results if these reduced exposures are beneficial for users. Implication The comparison of puff-resolved profiles of emissions from different tobacco products, traditional and alternative, may help users switch to lower emission products. Puff-resolved comparison overcomes technical changes, use modes between products and may help in their regulation.

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Influence of machine-based puffing parameters on aerosol and smoke emissions from next generation nicotine inhalation products

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Examining Metal Contents in Primary and Secondhand Aerosols Released by Electronic Cigarettes

Examining Metal Contents in Primary and Secondhand Aerosols Released by Electronic Cigarettes

The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature

Puff-Resolved Analysis and Selected Quantification of Chemicals in the Gas Phase of E-Cigarettes, Heat-Not-Burn Devices, and Conventional Cigarettes Using Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS): A Comparative Study

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