Influence of lymph vascular space invasion on prognosis of patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of female reproductive system. Over the past decade, with the progress of research on the biological behavior of tumor, the research and development of chemotherapeutic drugs and improvement in surgery, the shortterm efficacy for cervical cancer treatment has been increased, but without significant change in the 5year survival rate of the patients [1] . Factors affecting the local recurrence and distant metastasis in early stage cervical cancer have been studied extensively. Most scholars believe that the lymph node metastasis, tumor size and the depth of stromal invasion are independent prognostic factors, but there is still a dispute about the lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI). In this study, the clinical and pathological data of 111 patients with earlystage cervical squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed to explore the effect of LVSI on the prognosis of earlystage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC): correlation with adverse clinicopathological features and patient outcome

“…Most notably, of all the variables analysed, tumour grouping per the IECC was the only variable statistically predictive of DSS; however, we acknowledge that the number of NHPVA cases was small overall. Our study also demonstrates a significant association between IECC grouping and traditional clinical and pathological prognostic variables 24–28…”

Histological type-specific prognostic factors of cervical small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma

“…Consistently, a study that combined FIGO stage I–IIB SCC (445 patients) and ADC (123 patients) also revealed a prognostic impact of deeper stromal invasion on both overall and recurrence-free survival 13. In contrast, previous studies found no prognostic impact of deep stromal invasion while pelvic lymph node metastasis, parametrial involvement, and positive surgical margin were prognostic factors in patients with stage IA2–IIA SCC who underwent radical hysterectomy 7,17,35. FIGO stage III and IV were significant prognostic factors in advanced stage SCC in our results.…”

“…In addition to histological types, several potential prognostic factors including age,7–9 the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage,10–12 tumor size,7,10,13 lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI),14 lymph node involvement,7,14–17 number of positive nodes,13,18 depth of stromal invasion,19 parametrial invasion,7,14,16,18,20 and treatment modality5,12,16,21 have been shown to influence survival, though not in all studies 22–24…”

Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient for predicting lymphovascular invasion in invasive cervical cancer

“…Studies have confirmed that the determination of appropriate treatment and the long‐term prognosis of CC are affected by many factors, mainly including stroma‐infiltrating depth, parametrial involvement, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and lymph node metastases . Among them, LVI has attracted increasing attention in recent years …”

“…2,3 Among them, LVI has attracted increasing attention in recent years. [4][5][6] LVI is defined pathologically when cancer cells are present within lymphatic or vascular structures from an invasive CC. Previous studies 7 have shown that LVI was a crucial prognostic factor of invasive CC because patients with positive LVI had a higher rate of distant metastases and a higher local recurrence rate after therapy.…”